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	<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Sherlock Holmes</h1>

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		<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Sherlock Holmes (disambiguation)">Sherlock Holmes (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
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<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fictional private detective created by Arthur Conan Doyle</div>
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<table class="infobox" style="width:22em;border-spacing: 2px 5px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background: #DEDEE9; color: black;">Sherlock Holmes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><i>Sherlock Holmes</i> character</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherlock_Holmes_Portrait_Paget.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Sherlock Holmes Portrait Paget.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Sherlock_Holmes_Portrait_Paget.jpg/220px-Sherlock_Holmes_Portrait_Paget.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Sherlock_Holmes_Portrait_Paget.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="375" /></a><div>Sherlock Holmes in a 1904 illustration by <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Paget" title="Sidney Paget">Sidney Paget</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">First appearance</th><td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet" title="A Study in Scarlet">A Study in Scarlet</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Created by</th><td><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Sir Arthur Conan Doyle</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background: #DEDEE9; color: black;">Information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Gender</th><td>Male</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Occupation</th><td>Consulting detective</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Family</th><td><a href="/wiki/Mycroft_Holmes" title="Mycroft Holmes">Mycroft Holmes</a> (brother)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Nationality</th><td>British</td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Sherlock Holmes</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ʃ/: &#39;sh&#39; in &#39;shy&#39;">ʃ</span><span title="/ɜːr/: &#39;ur&#39; in &#39;fur&#39;">ɜːr</span><span title="&#39;l&#39; in &#39;lie&#39;">l</span><span title="/ɒ/: &#39;o&#39; in &#39;body&#39;">ɒ</span><span title="&#39;k&#39; in &#39;kind&#39;">k</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="&#39;h&#39; in &#39;hi&#39;">h</span><span title="/oʊ/: &#39;o&#39; in &#39;code&#39;">oʊ</span><span title="&#39;m&#39; in &#39;my&#39;">m</span><span title="&#39;z&#39; in &#39;zoom&#39;">z</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="&#39;h&#39; in &#39;hi&#39;">h</span><span title="/oʊ/: &#39;o&#39; in &#39;code&#39;">oʊ</span><span title="&#39;l&#39; in &#39;lie&#39;">l</span><span title="&#39;m&#39; in &#39;my&#39;">m</span><span title="&#39;z&#39; in &#39;zoom&#39;">z</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a fictional <a href="/wiki/Private_investigator" title="Private investigator">private detective</a> created by British author <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Sir Arthur Conan Doyle</a>. Referring to himself as a "consulting detective" in the stories, Holmes is known for his proficiency with observation, deduction, <a href="/wiki/Forensic_science" title="Forensic science">forensic science</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Logical_reasoning" title="Logical reasoning">logical reasoning</a> that borders on the fantastic, which he employs when investigating cases for a wide variety of clients, including <a href="/wiki/Scotland_Yard" title="Scotland Yard">Scotland Yard</a>.
</p><p>First appearing in print in 1887's <i><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet" title="A Study in Scarlet">A Study in Scarlet</a></i>, the character's popularity became widespread with the first series of short stories in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Strand_Magazine" title="The Strand Magazine">The Strand Magazine</a></i>, beginning with "<a href="/wiki/A_Scandal_in_Bohemia" title="A Scandal in Bohemia">A Scandal in Bohemia</a>" in 1891; additional tales appeared from then until 1927, eventually totalling <a href="/wiki/Canon_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Canon of Sherlock Holmes">four novels and 56 short stories</a>. All but one are set in the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian</a> eras, between about 1880 and 1914. Most are narrated by the character of Holmes's friend and biographer <a href="/wiki/Dr._Watson" title="Dr. Watson">Dr. John H. Watson</a>, who usually accompanies Holmes during his investigations and often shares quarters with him at the address of <a href="/wiki/221B_Baker_Street" title="221B Baker Street">221B Baker Street</a>, London, where many of the stories begin.
</p><p>Though not the first fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes is arguably the best known.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> By the 1990s there were already over 25,000 stage adaptations, films, television productions and publications featuring the detective,<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a></i> lists him as the most portrayed literary human character in film and television history.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup> Holmes's popularity and fame are such that many have believed him to be not a fictional character but a real individual;<sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> numerous literary and fan societies have been founded on <a href="/wiki/Sherlockian_game" title="Sherlockian game">this pretense</a>. Avid readers of the Holmes stories helped create the modern practice of <a href="/wiki/Fandom" title="Fandom">fandom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> The character and stories have had a profound and lasting effect on <a href="/wiki/Detective_fiction" title="Detective fiction">mystery writing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture_references_to_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Popular culture references to Sherlock Holmes">popular culture</a> as a whole, with the original tales as well as thousands <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_pastiches" title="Sherlock Holmes pastiches">written by authors other than Conan Doyle</a> being <a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes">adapted</a> into stage and radio plays, television, films, video games, and other media for over one hundred years.
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Inspiration_for_the_character"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Inspiration for the character</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Fictional_character_biography"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Fictional character biography</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Family_and_early_life"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Family and early life</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Life_with_Watson"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Life with Watson</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Practice"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Practice</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#The_Great_Hiatus"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">The Great Hiatus</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Retirement"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Retirement</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Personality_and_habits"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Personality and habits</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Drug_use"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Drug use</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Finances"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Finances</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Attitudes_towards_women"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Attitudes towards women</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Irene_Adler"><span class="tocnumber">3.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Irene Adler</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Knowledge_and_skills"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Knowledge and skills</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Holmesian_deduction"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Holmesian deduction</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Forensic_science"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Forensic science</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Disguises"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Disguises</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Agents"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Agents</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Combat"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Combat</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="#Pistols"><span class="tocnumber">4.5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pistols</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="#Other_weapons"><span class="tocnumber">4.5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Other weapons</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Personal_combat"><span class="tocnumber">4.5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Personal combat</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Reception"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Reception</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Popularity"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Popularity</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Honours"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Honours</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Societies"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Societies</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Legacy"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Legacy</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#The_detective_story"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">The detective story</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#&quot;Elementary,_my_dear_Watson&quot;"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">"Elementary, my dear Watson"</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#The_Great_Game"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">The Great Game</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Museums_and_special_collections"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">Museums and special collections</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#Adaptations_and_derived_works"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Adaptations and derived works</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Related_and_derivative_writings"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Related and derivative writings</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Adaptations_in_other_media"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Adaptations in other media</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Copyright_issues"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Copyright issues</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#Works"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Works</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#Novels"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Novels</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#Short_story_collections"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Short story collections</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-39"><a href="#Sherlock_Holmes_story_references"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Sherlock Holmes story references</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40"><a href="#Citations"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Citations</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Inspiration_for_the_character"><span id="Inspiration_for_the_character_of_Holmes"></span>Inspiration for the character</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington,_1914.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington%2C_1914.png/220px-Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington%2C_1914.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington%2C_1914.png/330px-Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington%2C_1914.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington%2C_1914.png/440px-Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington%2C_1914.png 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="682" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Arthur_Conan_Doyle_by_Walter_Benington,_1914.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a> (1859–1930), Sherlock Holmes's creator, in 1914</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a>'s <a href="/wiki/C._Auguste_Dupin" title="C. Auguste Dupin">C. Auguste Dupin</a> is generally acknowledged as the first detective in fiction and served as the prototype for many later characters, including Holmes.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> Conan Doyle once wrote, "Each [of Poe's detective stories] is a root from which a whole literature has developed... Where was the detective story until Poe breathed the breath of life into it?"<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup> Similarly, the stories of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Gaboriau" title="Émile Gaboriau">Émile Gaboriau</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Monsieur_Lecoq" title="Monsieur Lecoq">Monsieur Lecoq</a> were extremely popular at the time Conan Doyle began writing Holmes, and Holmes's speech and behaviour sometimes follow that of Lecoq.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup> Holmes and Watson discuss Dupin and Lecoq near the beginning of <i>A Study in Scarlet</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Conan Doyle repeatedly said that Holmes was inspired by the real-life figure of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bell" title="Joseph Bell">Joseph Bell</a>, a surgeon at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Infirmary_of_Edinburgh" title="Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh">Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh</a>, whom Conan Doyle met in 1877 and had worked for as a clerk. Like Holmes, Bell was noted for drawing broad conclusions from minute observations.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup> However, he later wrote to Conan Doyle: "You are yourself Sherlock Holmes and well you know it".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup> Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Littlejohn" title="Henry Littlejohn">Henry Littlejohn</a>, Chair of <a href="/wiki/Medical_Jurisprudence" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical Jurisprudence">Medical Jurisprudence</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh_Medical_School" title="University of Edinburgh Medical School">University of Edinburgh Medical School</a>, is also cited as an inspiration for Holmes. Littlejohn, who was also Police Surgeon and Medical Officer of Health in Edinburgh, provided Conan Doyle with a link between medical investigation and the detection of crime.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Other possible inspirations have been proposed, though never acknowledged by Doyle, such as <i>Maximilien Heller</i>, by French author Henry Cauvain. In this 1871 novel (sixteen years before the first appearance of Sherlock Holmes), Henry Cauvain imagined a depressed, anti-social, opium-smoking <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymath</a> detective, operating in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup> It is not known if Conan Doyle read the novel, but he was fluent in French.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">&#91;17&#93;</a></sup> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Harrison_(writer)" title="Michael Harrison (writer)">Michael Harrison</a> suggested that a German self-styled "consulting detective" named Walter Scherer may have been the model for Holmes.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Fictional_character_biography">Fictional character biography</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Family_and_early_life">Family and early life</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Study_in_Scarlet_from_Beeton%27s_Christmas_Annual_1887.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Magazine cover featuring A Study in Scarlet, with drawing of a man lighting a lamp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/A_Study_in_Scarlet_from_Beeton%27s_Christmas_Annual_1887.jpg/170px-A_Study_in_Scarlet_from_Beeton%27s_Christmas_Annual_1887.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/A_Study_in_Scarlet_from_Beeton%27s_Christmas_Annual_1887.jpg/255px-A_Study_in_Scarlet_from_Beeton%27s_Christmas_Annual_1887.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/A_Study_in_Scarlet_from_Beeton%27s_Christmas_Annual_1887.jpg/340px-A_Study_in_Scarlet_from_Beeton%27s_Christmas_Annual_1887.jpg 2x" data-file-width="974" data-file-height="1478" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Study_in_Scarlet_from_Beeton%27s_Christmas_Annual_1887.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The cover page of the 1887 edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Beeton%27s_Christmas_Annual" title="Beeton&#39;s Christmas Annual">Beeton's Christmas Annual</a></i>, which contains Holmes's first appearance (<i><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet" title="A Study in Scarlet">A Study in Scarlet</a></i>)</div></div></div>
<p>Details of Sherlock Holmes's life in Conan Doyle's stories are scarce and often vague. Nevertheless, mentions of his early life and extended family paint a loose biographical picture of the detective.
</p><p>A statement of Holmes's age in "<a href="/wiki/His_Last_Bow" title="His Last Bow">His Last Bow</a>" places his year of birth at 1854; the story, set in August 1914, describes him as sixty years of age.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">&#91;19&#93;</a></sup> His parents are not mentioned, although Holmes mentions that his "ancestors" were "country <a href="/wiki/Squires" class="mw-redirect" title="Squires">squires</a>". In "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Greek_Interpreter" title="The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter">The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter</a>", he claims that his grandmother was sister to the French artist Vernet, without clarifying whether this was <a href="/wiki/Claude_Joseph_Vernet" title="Claude Joseph Vernet">Claude Joseph</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carle_Vernet" title="Carle Vernet">Carle</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Horace_Vernet" title="Horace Vernet">Horace Vernet</a>. Holmes's brother <a href="/wiki/Mycroft_Holmes" title="Mycroft Holmes">Mycroft</a>, seven years his senior, is a government official. Mycroft has a unique <a href="/wiki/Civil_service" title="Civil service">civil service</a> position as a kind of human database for all aspects of government policy. Sherlock describes his brother as the more intelligent of the two, but notes that Mycroft lacks any interest in physical investigation, preferring to spend his time at the <a href="/wiki/Diogenes_Club" title="Diogenes Club">Diogenes Club</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">&#91;21&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Holmes says that he first developed his methods of deduction as an undergraduate; his earliest cases, which he pursued as an amateur, came from fellow university students.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">&#91;22&#93;</a></sup> A meeting with a classmate's father led him to adopt detection as a profession.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">&#91;23&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Life_with_Watson"><span id="Life_with_Dr._Watson"></span>Life with Watson</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Strand_paget.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Holmes (in deerstalker hat) talking to Watson (in a bowler hat) in a railway compartment" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Strand_paget.jpg/220px-Strand_paget.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Strand_paget.jpg/330px-Strand_paget.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Strand_paget.jpg/440px-Strand_paget.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5113" data-file-height="4819" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Strand_paget.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Holmes and Watson in a <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Paget" title="Sidney Paget">Sidney Paget</a> illustration for "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Silver_Blaze" title="The Adventure of Silver Blaze">The Adventure of Silver Blaze</a>"</div></div></div>
<p>Financial difficulties lead Holmes and <a href="/wiki/Dr._Watson" title="Dr. Watson">Dr. Watson</a> to share rooms together at <a href="/wiki/221B_Baker_Street" title="221B Baker Street">221B Baker Street</a>, London.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">&#91;24&#93;</a></sup> Their residence is maintained by their landlady, <a href="/wiki/Minor_Sherlock_Holmes_characters#Mrs._Hudson" title="Minor Sherlock Holmes characters">Mrs. Hudson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">&#91;25&#93;</a></sup> Holmes works as a detective for twenty-three years, with Watson assisting him for seventeen of those years.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">&#91;26&#93;</a></sup> Most of the stories are <a href="/wiki/Frame_narrative" class="mw-redirect" title="Frame narrative">frame narratives</a> written from Watson's point of view, as summaries of the detective's most interesting cases. Holmes frequently calls Watson's records of Holmes's cases sensational and populist, suggesting that they fail to accurately and objectively report the "science" of his craft:
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047036">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Detection is, or ought to be, an exact science and should be treated in the same cold and unemotional manner. You have attempted to tinge it [<i>A Study in Scarlet</i>] with romanticism, which produces much the same effect as if you worked a love-story or an elopement into the fifth proposition of <a href="/wiki/Euclid" title="Euclid">Euclid</a>. ... Some facts should be suppressed, or, at least, a just sense of proportion should be observed in treating them. The only point in the case which deserved mention was the curious analytical reasoning from effects to causes, by which I succeeded in unravelling it.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">&#91;27&#93;</a></sup>
</p></blockquote>
<p>Nevertheless, Holmes's friendship with Watson is his most significant relationship. When Watson is injured by a bullet, although the wound turns out to be "quite superficial", Watson is moved by Holmes's reaction:
</p>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047036"/><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It was worth a wound; it was worth many wounds; to know the depth of loyalty and love which lay behind that cold mask. The clear, hard eyes were dimmed for a moment, and the firm lips were shaking. For the one and only time I caught a glimpse of a great heart as well as of a great brain. All my years of humble but single-minded service culminated in that moment of revelation.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">&#91;28&#93;</a></sup>
</p></blockquote>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Practice">Practice</span></h3>
<p>Holmes's clients vary from the most powerful monarchs and governments of Europe, to wealthy <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">aristocrats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Industrialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrialist">industrialists</a>, to impoverished <a href="/wiki/Pawnbroker" title="Pawnbroker">pawnbrokers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Governess" title="Governess">governesses</a>. He is known only in select professional circles at the beginning of the first story, but is already collaborating with Scotland Yard. However, his continued work and the publication of Watson's stories raises Holmes's profile, and he rapidly becomes well known as a detective; so many clients ask for his help instead of (or in addition to) that of the police<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">&#91;29&#93;</a></sup> that, Watson writes, by 1895 Holmes has "an immense practice".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">&#91;30&#93;</a></sup> Police outside London ask Holmes for assistance if he is nearby.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">&#91;31&#93;</a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">&#91;32&#93;</a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Bohemia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Bohemia">King of Bohemia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Klinger_I_pp._15-16_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klinger_I_pp._15-16-33">&#91;33&#93;</a></sup> visit 221B Baker Street in person to request Holmes's assistance; the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of France">government of France</a> awards him its <a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Honour" title="Legion of Honour">Legion of Honour</a> for solving a case;<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">&#91;34&#93;</a></sup> the King of Scandinavia is a client;<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">&#91;35&#93;</a></sup> and he aids the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Vatican</a> at least twice.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">&#91;36&#93;</a></sup> The detective acts on behalf of the British government in matters of national security several times,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">&#91;37&#93;</a></sup> and declines a <a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">knighthood</a> "for services which may perhaps some day be described".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">&#91;38&#93;</a></sup> However, he does not actively seek fame and is usually content to let the police take public credit for his work.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">&#91;39&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Great_Hiatus"><span id=""></span>The Great Hiatus</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherlock_Holmes_and_Professor_Moriarty_at_the_Reichenbach_Falls.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Holmes and Moriarty wrestling at the end of a narrow path, with Holmes&#39;s hat falling into a waterfall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Sherlock_Holmes_and_Professor_Moriarty_at_the_Reichenbach_Falls.jpg/220px-Sherlock_Holmes_and_Professor_Moriarty_at_the_Reichenbach_Falls.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Sherlock_Holmes_and_Professor_Moriarty_at_the_Reichenbach_Falls.jpg/330px-Sherlock_Holmes_and_Professor_Moriarty_at_the_Reichenbach_Falls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Sherlock_Holmes_and_Professor_Moriarty_at_the_Reichenbach_Falls.jpg/440px-Sherlock_Holmes_and_Professor_Moriarty_at_the_Reichenbach_Falls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1234" data-file-height="1920" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherlock_Holmes_and_Professor_Moriarty_at_the_Reichenbach_Falls.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Holmes and Moriarty struggle at the <a href="/wiki/Reichenbach_Falls" title="Reichenbach Falls">Reichenbach Falls</a>; drawing by Sidney Paget</div></div></div>
<p>The first set of Holmes stories was published between 1887 and 1893. Conan Doyle killed off Holmes in a final battle with the criminal mastermind <a href="/wiki/Professor_Moriarty" title="Professor Moriarty">Professor James Moriarty</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">&#91;40&#93;</a></sup> in "<a href="/wiki/The_Final_Problem" title="The Final Problem">The Final Problem</a>" (published 1893, but set in 1891), as Conan Doyle felt that "my literary energies should not be directed too much into one channel."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">&#91;41&#93;</a></sup> Legend has it that Londoners were so distraught upon hearing the news of Holmes's death that they wore black armbands in mourning, though there is no known contemporary source for this; the earliest known reference to such events comes from 1949.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">&#91;42&#93;</a></sup> However, the recorded public reaction to Holmes's death was unlike anything previously seen for fictional events.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>
After resisting public pressure for eight years, Conan Doyle wrote <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a></i> (serialised in 1901–02, with an implicit setting before Holmes's death). In 1903, Conan Doyle wrote "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Empty_House" title="The Adventure of the Empty House">The Adventure of the Empty House</a>"; set in 1894, Holmes reappears, explaining to a stunned Watson that he had faked his death to fool his enemies.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">&#91;43&#93;</a></sup> Following "The Adventure of the Empty House", Conan Doyle would sporadically write new Holmes stories until 1927.</p><div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherlock_Holmes_blue_plaque_in_East_Dean.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Sherlock_Holmes_blue_plaque_in_East_Dean.jpg/150px-Sherlock_Holmes_blue_plaque_in_East_Dean.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="123" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Sherlock_Holmes_blue_plaque_in_East_Dean.jpg/225px-Sherlock_Holmes_blue_plaque_in_East_Dean.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Sherlock_Holmes_blue_plaque_in_East_Dean.jpg/300px-Sherlock_Holmes_blue_plaque_in_East_Dean.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="982" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherlock_Holmes_blue_plaque_in_East_Dean.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Sherlock Holmes <a href="/wiki/Blue_plaque" title="Blue plaque">blue plaque</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Dean,_West_Sussex" title="East Dean, West Sussex">East Dean</a></div></div></div><p> Holmes aficionados refer to the period from 1891 to 1894—between his disappearance and presumed death in "The Final Problem" and his reappearance in "The Adventure of the Empty House"—as the Great Hiatus.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">&#91;44&#93;</a></sup> The earliest known use of this expression dates to 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">&#91;45&#93;</a></sup>
</p><h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Retirement">Retirement</span></h3>
<p>In <i>His Last Bow</i>, the reader is told that Holmes has retired to a small farm on the <a href="/wiki/South_Downs" title="South Downs">Sussex Downs</a> and taken up <a href="/wiki/Beekeeping" title="Beekeeping">beekeeping</a> as his primary occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">&#91;46&#93;</a></sup> The move is not dated precisely, but can be presumed to be no later than 1904 (since it is referred to retrospectively in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Second_Stain" title="The Adventure of the Second Stain">The Adventure of the Second Stain</a>", first published that year).<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">&#91;47&#93;</a></sup> The story features Holmes and Watson coming out of retirement to aid the British <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">war</a> effort. Only one other adventure, "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Lion%27s_Mane" title="The Adventure of the Lion&#39;s Mane">The Adventure of the Lion's Mane</a>", takes place during the detective's retirement.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">&#91;48&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Personality_and_habits"><span id="Habits_and_personality"></span>Personality and habits</span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:SidneyEdwardPaget.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Young man in a suit, looking left" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/SidneyEdwardPaget.jpg/170px-SidneyEdwardPaget.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/SidneyEdwardPaget.jpg/255px-SidneyEdwardPaget.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/SidneyEdwardPaget.jpg 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="397" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:SidneyEdwardPaget.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Paget" title="Sidney Paget">Sidney Paget</a>, whose illustrations in <i>The Strand Magazine</i> iconicised Holmes and Watson</div></div></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold-01.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Man answering the door to a bowler-hatted man in a raincoat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Gold-01.jpg/220px-Gold-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="327" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Gold-01.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="398" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold-01.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Sidney Paget illustration from "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Golden_Pince-Nez" title="The Adventure of the Golden Pince-Nez">The Adventure of the Golden Pince-Nez</a>"</div></div></div>
<p>Watson describes Holmes as "<a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">bohemian</a>" in his habits and lifestyle.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">&#91;49&#93;</a></sup> Said to have a "cat-like" love of personal cleanliness,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">&#91;50&#93;</a></sup> at the same time Holmes is an <a href="/wiki/Eccentricity_(behavior)" title="Eccentricity (behavior)">eccentric</a> with no regard for contemporary standards of tidiness or good order. Watson describes him as
</p>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047036"/><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>in his personal habits one of the must untidy men that ever drove a fellow-lodger to distraction. [He] keeps his cigars in the <a href="/wiki/Coal_scuttle" title="Coal scuttle">coal-scuttle</a>, his tobacco in the toe end of a Persian slipper, and his unanswered correspondence transfixed by a jack-knife into the very centre of his wooden mantelpiece. ... He had a horror of destroying documents.... Thus month after month his papers accumulated, until every corner of the room was stacked with bundles of manuscript which were on no account to be burned, and which could not be put away save by their owner.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">&#91;51&#93;</a></sup>
</p></blockquote>
<p>While Holmes can be dispassionate and cold, during an investigation he is animated and excitable. He has a flair for showmanship, often keeping his methods and evidence hidden until the last possible moment so as to impress observers).<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">&#91;52&#93;</a></sup> His companion condones the detective's willingness to bend the truth (or break the law) on behalf of a client—lying to the police, concealing evidence or breaking into houses—when he feels it morally justifiable.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">&#91;53&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Except for that of Watson, Holmes avoids casual company. In <a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Gloria_Scott" title="The Adventure of the Gloria Scott">"The <i>Gloria Scott</i>"</a>, he tells the doctor that during two years at college he made only one friend: "I was never a very sociable fellow, Watson ... I never mixed much with the men of my year".<sup id="cite_ref-Klinger_I_p._502_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klinger_I_p._502-54">&#91;54&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The detective goes without food at times of intense intellectual activity, believing that "the faculties become refined when you starve them."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">&#91;55&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">&#91;56&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>At times Holmes relaxes with music, either playing the violin,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">&#91;57&#93;</a></sup> or enjoying the works of composers such as <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">&#91;58&#93;</a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Pablo_de_Sarasate" title="Pablo de Sarasate">Pablo de Sarasate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">&#91;59&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Drug_use"><span id="Use_of_drugs"></span>Drug use</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherlock_Holmes_-_The_Man_with_the_Twisted_Lip_(colored).jpg" class="image"><img alt="Holmes in a blue bathrobe, reclining against a pillow and smoking his pipe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Sherlock_Holmes_-_The_Man_with_the_Twisted_Lip_%28colored%29.jpg/220px-Sherlock_Holmes_-_The_Man_with_the_Twisted_Lip_%28colored%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Sherlock_Holmes_-_The_Man_with_the_Twisted_Lip_%28colored%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="325" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherlock_Holmes_-_The_Man_with_the_Twisted_Lip_(colored).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>1891 Sidney Paget <i><a href="/wiki/The_Strand_Magazine" title="The Strand Magazine">Strand</a></i> portrait of Holmes for "<a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Twisted_Lip" title="The Man with the Twisted Lip">The Man with the Twisted Lip</a>"</div></div></div>
<p>Holmes occasionally uses addictive drugs, especially in the absence of stimulating cases.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">&#91;60&#93;</a></sup> He sometimes used <a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">morphine</a> and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a>, the latter of which he injects in a seven-percent solution; both drugs were legal in 19th-century England.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">&#91;61&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">&#91;62&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">&#91;63&#93;</a></sup> As a physician, Watson strongly disapproves of his friend's cocaine habit, describing it as the detective's only vice, and concerned about its effect on Holmes's <a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental health</a> and intellect.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">&#91;64&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">&#91;65&#93;</a></sup> In "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Missing_Three-Quarter" title="The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter">The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter</a>", Watson says that although he has "weaned" Holmes from drugs, the detective remains an addict whose habit is "not dead, but merely sleeping".<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">&#91;66&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Watson and Holmes both use tobacco, smoking cigarettes, cigars, and <a href="/wiki/Smoking_pipe_(tobacco)" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoking pipe (tobacco)">pipes</a>. Although his chronicler does not consider Holmes's smoking a vice <i>per se</i>, Watson—a physician—does criticise the detective for creating a "poisonous atmosphere" in their confined quarters.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">&#91;67&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">&#91;68&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Finances"><span id="Financial_affairs"></span>Finances</span></h3>
<p>Holmes is known to charge clients for his expenses and claim any reward offered for a problem's solution, such as in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Speckled_Band" title="The Adventure of the Speckled Band">The Adventure of the Speckled Band</a>", "<a href="/wiki/The_Red-Headed_League" title="The Red-Headed League">The Red-Headed League</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Beryl_Coronet" title="The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet">The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet</a>". The detective states at one point that "My professional charges are upon a fixed scale. I do not vary them, save when I remit them altogether". In this context, a client is offering to double his fee, and it is implied that wealthy clients habitually pay Holmes more than his standard rate.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">&#91;69&#93;</a></sup> In "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Priory_School" title="The Adventure of the Priory School">The Adventure of the Priory School</a>", Holmes earns a £6,000 fee<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">&#91;70&#93;</a></sup> (at a time where annual expenses for a rising young professional were in the area of £500).<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">&#91;71&#93;</a></sup> However, Watson notes that Holmes would refuse to help even the wealthy and powerful if their cases did not interest him.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">&#91;72&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Attitudes_towards_women"><span id="Attitude_towards_women"></span>Attitudes towards women</span></h3>
<p>As Conan Doyle wrote to Joseph Bell, "Holmes is as inhuman as a <a href="/wiki/Babbage" class="mw-redirect" title="Babbage">Babbage</a>'s calculating machine and just about as likely to fall in love".<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">&#91;73&#93;</a></sup> Holmes says of himself that he is "not a whole-souled admirer of womankind",<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74">&#91;74&#93;</a></sup> and that he finds "the motives of women ... inscrutable. ... How can you build on such quicksand? Their most trivial actions may mean volumes....<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75">&#91;75&#93;</a></sup> In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_the_Four" title="The Sign of the Four">The Sign of Four</a></i>, he says, "Women are never to be entirely trusted—not the best of them", a feeling Watson notes as an "atrocious sentiment".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76">&#91;76&#93;</a></sup> In "The Adventure of the Lion's Mane", Holmes writes, "Women have seldom been an attraction to me, for my brain has always governed my heart".<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">&#91;77&#93;</a></sup> At the end of <i>The Sign of Four</i>, Holmes states that "love is an emotional thing, and whatever is emotional is opposed to that true, cold reason which I place above all things. I should never marry myself, lest I bias my judgement."<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78">&#91;78&#93;</a></sup> Ultimately, Holmes claims outright that "I have never loved".<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">&#91;79&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>But while Watson says that the detective has an "aversion to women",<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">&#91;80&#93;</a></sup> he also notes Holmes as having "a peculiarly ingratiating way with [them]".<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81">&#91;81&#93;</a></sup> Watson notes that their housekeeper Mrs. Hudson is fond of Holmes because of his "remarkable gentleness and courtesy in his dealings with women. He disliked and distrusted the sex, but he was always a chivalrous opponent".<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82">&#91;82&#93;</a></sup> However, in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milverton" title="The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton">The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton</a>", the detective becomes <a href="/wiki/Engagement" title="Engagement">engaged</a> under false pretenses in order to obtain information about a case, abandoning the woman once he has the information he requires.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83">&#91;83&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Irene_Adler">Irene Adler</span></h4>
<p><a href="/wiki/Irene_Adler" title="Irene Adler">Irene Adler</a> is a retired American opera singer and actress who appears in "<a href="/wiki/A_Scandal_in_Bohemia" title="A Scandal in Bohemia">A Scandal in Bohemia</a>". Although this is her only appearance, she is one of only a handful of people who best Holmes in a battle of wits, and the only woman. For this reason, Adler is the frequent subject of <a href="/wiki/Pastiche" title="Pastiche">pastiche</a> writing.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">&#91;84&#93;</a></sup> The beginning of the story describes the high regard in which Holmes holds her:
</p>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047036"/><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>To Sherlock Holmes she is always <i>the</i> woman. I have seldom heard him mention her under any other name. In his eyes she eclipses and predominates the whole of her sex. It was not that he felt any emotion akin to love for Irene Adler. ... And yet there was but one woman to him, and that woman was the late Irene Adler, of dubious and questionable memory.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">&#91;85&#93;</a></sup>
</p></blockquote>
<p>Five years before the story's events, Adler had a brief liaison with Crown Prince of <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a> Wilhelm von Ormstein. As the story opens, the Prince is engaged to another. Fearful that the marriage would be called off if his fiancée's family learns of this past impropriety, Ormstein hires Holmes to regain a photograph of Adler and himself. Adler slips away before Holmes can succeed. Her memory is kept alive by the photograph of Adler that Holmes received for his part in the case.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86">&#91;86&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Knowledge_and_skills">Knowledge and skills</span></h2>
<p>Shortly after meeting Holmes in the first story, <i>A Study in Scarlet</i> (generally assumed to be 1881, though the exact date is not given), Watson assesses the detective's abilities:
</p>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047036"/><blockquote class="templatequote">
<ol><li>Knowledge of Literature&#160;– nil.</li>
<li>Knowledge of Philosophy&#160;– nil.</li>
<li>Knowledge of Astronomy&#160;– nil.</li>
<li>Knowledge of Politics&#160;– Feeble.</li>
<li>Knowledge of Botany&#160;– Variable. Well up in <a href="/wiki/Atropa_belladonna" title="Atropa belladonna">belladonna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a>, and poisons generally. Knows nothing of practical gardening.</li>
<li>Knowledge of Geology&#160;– Practical, but limited. Tells at a glance different soils from each other. After walks, has shown me splashes upon his trousers, and told me by their colour and consistence in what <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_London" title="Geology of London">part of London</a> he had received them.</li>
<li>Knowledge of Chemistry&#160;– Profound.</li>
<li>Knowledge of Anatomy&#160;– Accurate, but unsystematic.</li>
<li>Knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Sensation_novel" title="Sensation novel">Sensational Literature</a>&#160;– Immense. He appears to know every detail of every horror perpetrated in the century.</li>
<li>Plays the violin well.</li>
<li>Is an expert <a href="/wiki/Singlestick" title="Singlestick">singlestick</a> player, boxer, and swordsman.</li>
<li>Has a good practical knowledge of <a href="/wiki/British_law" class="mw-redirect" title="British law">British law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Klinger_III_pp._34-35_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klinger_III_pp._34-35-87">&#91;87&#93;</a></sup></li></ol>
</blockquote>
<p>Subsequent stories reveal that Watson's early assessment was incomplete in places and inaccurate in others, due to the passage of time if nothing else. Despite Holmes's supposed ignorance of politics, in "A Scandal in Bohemia" he immediately recognises the true identity of the disguised "Count von Kramm".<sup id="cite_ref-Klinger_I_pp._15-16_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klinger_I_pp._15-16-33">&#91;33&#93;</a></sup> At the end of <i>A Study in Scarlet</i>, Holmes demonstrates a knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">&#91;88&#93;</a></sup> The detective cites <a href="/wiki/Hafez" title="Hafez">Hafez</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">&#91;89&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">&#91;90&#93;</a></sup> as well as <a href="/wiki/Flaubert%27s_letters" title="Flaubert&#39;s letters">a letter</a> from <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Flaubert" title="Gustave Flaubert">Gustave Flaubert</a> to <a href="/wiki/George_Sand" title="George Sand">George Sand</a> in the original French.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">&#91;91&#93;</a></sup> In <i>The Hound of the Baskervilles,</i> the detective recognises works by <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Kneller" title="Godfrey Kneller">Godfrey Kneller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds" title="Joshua Reynolds">Joshua Reynolds</a>: "Watson won't allow that I know anything of art, but that is mere jealousy since our views upon the subject differ".<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">&#91;92&#93;</a></sup> In "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Bruce-Partington_Plans" title="The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans">The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans</a>", Watson says that "Holmes lost himself in a monograph which he had undertaken upon the Polyphonic <a href="/wiki/Motet" title="Motet">Motets</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lassus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lassus">Lassus</a>", considered "the last word" on the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93">&#91;93&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">&#91;94&#93;</a></sup> Holmes is also a <a href="/wiki/Cryptanalyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryptanalyst">cryptanalyst</a>, telling Watson that "I am fairly familiar with all forms of secret writing, and am myself the author of a trifling monograph upon the subject, in which I analyse one hundred and sixty separate ciphers".<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95">&#91;95&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In <i>A Study in Scarlet</i>, Holmes claims to be unaware that the earth revolves around the sun since such information is irrelevant to his work; after hearing that fact from Watson, he says he will immediately try to forget it. The detective believes that the mind has a finite capacity for information storage, and learning useless things reduces one's ability to learn useful things.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">&#91;96&#93;</a></sup> The later stories move away from this notion: in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Valley_of_Fear" title="The Valley of Fear">The Valley of Fear</a></i>, he says, "All knowledge comes useful to the detective",<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97">&#91;97&#93;</a></sup> and in "The Adventure of the Lion's Mane", the detective calls himself "an omnivorous reader with a strangely retentive memory for trifles".<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98">&#91;98&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Holmes demonstrates a knowledge of psychology in "A Scandal in Bohemia", luring Irene Adler into betraying where she hid a photograph based on the premise that a woman will rush to save her most valued possession from a fire.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99">&#91;99&#93;</a></sup> Another example is in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Blue_Carbuncle" title="The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle">The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle</a>", where Holmes obtains information from a salesman with a wager: "When you see a man with whiskers of that cut and <a href="/wiki/The_Sporting_Times" title="The Sporting Times">the 'Pink 'un'</a> protruding out of his pocket, you can always draw him by a bet&#160;.... I daresay that if I had put 100 pounds down in front of him, that man would not have given me such complete information as was drawn from him by the idea that he was doing me on a wager".<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100">&#91;100&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Maria_Konnikova" title="Maria Konnikova">Maria Konnikova</a> points out in an interview with <a href="/wiki/D._J._Grothe" title="D. J. Grothe">D. J. Grothe</a> that Holmes practices what is now called mindfulness, concentrating on one thing at a time, and almost never "multitasks." She adds that in this he predates the science showing how helpful this is to the brain.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101">&#91;101&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Holmesian_deduction">Holmesian deduction</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Adventure_of_the_Abbey_Grange_03.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Colour illustration of Holmes bending over a dead man in front of a fireplace" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/The_Adventure_of_the_Abbey_Grange_03.jpg/220px-The_Adventure_of_the_Abbey_Grange_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/The_Adventure_of_the_Abbey_Grange_03.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="386" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Adventure_of_the_Abbey_Grange_03.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Sidney Paget illustration of Holmes for "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Abbey_Grange" title="The Adventure of the Abbey Grange">The Adventure of the Abbey Grange</a>"</div></div></div>
<p>Holmes observes the dress and attitude of his clients and suspects, noting skin marks (such as tattoos), contamination (such as ink stains or clay on boots), emotional state, and physical condition in order to deduce their origins and recent history. The style and state of wear of a person's clothes and personal items are also commonly relied on; in the stories Holmes is seen applying his method to items such as walking sticks,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102">&#91;102&#93;</a></sup> pipes,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103">&#91;103&#93;</a></sup> and hats.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104">&#91;104&#93;</a></sup> For example, in "A Scandal in Bohemia", Holmes infers that Watson had got wet lately and had "a most clumsy and careless servant girl". When Watson asks how Holmes knows this, the detective answers:
</p>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047036"/><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It is simplicity itself&#160;... my eyes tell me that on the inside of your left shoe, just where the firelight strikes it, the leather is scored by six almost parallel cuts. Obviously they have been caused by someone who has very carelessly scraped round the edges of the sole in order to remove crusted mud from it. Hence, you see, my double deduction that you had been out in vile weather, and that you had a particularly malignant boot-slitting specimen of the London slavey.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105">&#91;105&#93;</a></sup>
</p></blockquote>
<p>In the first Holmes story, <i>A Study in Scarlet</i>, Dr. Watson compares Holmes to <a href="/wiki/C._Auguste_Dupin" title="C. Auguste Dupin">C. Auguste Dupin</a>, Edgar Allan Poe's fictional detective, who employed a similar methodology. Alluding to an episode in "<a href="/wiki/The_Murders_in_the_Rue_Morgue" title="The Murders in the Rue Morgue">The Murders in the Rue Morgue</a>", where Dupin determines what his friend is thinking despite their having walked together in silence for a quarter of an hour, Holmes remarks: "That trick of his breaking in on his friend's thoughts with an apropos remark... is really very showy and superficial".<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106">&#91;106&#93;</a></sup> Nevertheless, Holmes later performs the same 'trick' on Watson in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Cardboard_Box" title="The Adventure of the Cardboard Box">The Cardboard Box</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107">&#91;107&#93;</a></sup> and "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Dancing_Men" title="The Adventure of the Dancing Men">The Adventure of the Dancing Men</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108">&#91;108&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Though the stories always refer to Holmes's intellectual detection method as "<a href="/wiki/Deductive_reasoning" title="Deductive reasoning">deduction</a>", he primarily relies on <a href="/wiki/Abductive_reasoning" title="Abductive reasoning">abduction</a>: <a href="/wiki/Inference" title="Inference">inferring</a> an explanation for observed details.<sup id="cite_ref-Bird_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bird-109">&#91;109&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110">&#91;110&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111">&#91;111&#93;</a></sup> "From a drop of water", he writes, "a logician could infer the possibility of an <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls" title="Niagara Falls">Niagara</a> without having seen or heard of one or the other".<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112">&#91;112&#93;</a></sup> However, Holmes does employ deductive reasoning as well. The detective's guiding principle, as he says in <i>The Sign of Four</i>, is: "When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth".<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113">&#91;113&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Despite Holmes's remarkable reasoning abilities, Conan Doyle still paints him as fallible in this regard (this being a central theme of "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Yellow_Face" title="The Adventure of the Yellow Face">The Yellow Face</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114">&#91;114&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Forensic_science">Forensic science</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mikroskop-seibert_hg.jpg" class="image"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Mikroskop-seibert_hg.jpg/170px-Mikroskop-seibert_hg.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="193" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Mikroskop-seibert_hg.jpg/255px-Mikroskop-seibert_hg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Mikroskop-seibert_hg.jpg/340px-Mikroskop-seibert_hg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2665" data-file-height="3031" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Mikroskop-seibert_hg.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>19th-century Seibert microscope</div></div></div>
<p>Though Holmes is famed for his reasoning capabilities, his investigative technique relies heavily on the acquisition of hard evidence. Many of the techniques he employs in the stories were at the time in their infancy.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115">&#91;115&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-116">&#91;116&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The detective is particularly skilled in the analysis of <a href="/wiki/Trace_evidence" title="Trace evidence">trace evidence</a> and other physical evidence, including latent prints (such as footprints, hoof prints, and shoe and tire impressions) to identify actions at a crime scene;<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117">&#91;117&#93;</a></sup> using tobacco ashes and cigarette butts to identify criminals;<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118">&#91;118&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Questioned_document_examination" title="Questioned document examination">handwriting analysis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Graphology" title="Graphology">graphology</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119">&#91;119&#93;</a></sup> comparing typewritten letters to expose a fraud;<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120">&#91;120&#93;</a></sup> using gunpowder residue to expose two murderers;<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121">&#91;121&#93;</a></sup> and analyzing small pieces of human remains to expose two murders.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122">&#91;122&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Because of the small scale of much of his evidence, the detective often uses a magnifying glass at the scene and an <a href="/wiki/Optical_microscope" title="Optical microscope">optical microscope</a> at his Baker Street lodgings. He uses <a href="/wiki/Analytical_chemistry" title="Analytical chemistry">analytical chemistry</a> for <a href="/wiki/Blood_residue" title="Blood residue">blood residue</a> analysis and <a href="/wiki/Toxicology" title="Toxicology">toxicology</a> to detect poisons; Holmes's home chemistry laboratory is mentioned in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Naval_Treaty" title="The Adventure of the Naval Treaty">The Naval Treaty</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123">&#91;123&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ballistics" title="Ballistics">Ballistics</a> feature in "The Adventure of the Empty House" when spent bullets are recovered to be matched with a suspected murder weapon, a practice which became regular police procedure only some fifteen years after the story was published.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124">&#91;124&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Laura J. Snyder has examined Holmes's methods in the context of mid- to late-19th-century criminology, demonstrating that, while sometimes in advance of what official investigative departments were formally using at the time, they were based upon existing methods and techniques. For example, fingerprints were proposed to be distinct in Conan Doyle's day, and while Holmes used a thumbprint to solve a crime in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Norwood_Builder" title="The Adventure of the Norwood Builder">The Adventure of the Norwood Builder</a>" (generally held to be set in 1895), the story was published in 1903, two years after <a href="/wiki/Henry_Classification_System" title="Henry Classification System">Scotland Yard's fingerprint bureau</a> opened.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-116">&#91;116&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125">&#91;125&#93;</a></sup> Nonetheless, Holmes inspired future generations of forensic scientists to think scientifically and analytically.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126">&#91;126&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Disguises"><span id="Disguise"></span>Disguises</span></h3>
<p>Holmes displays a strong aptitude for acting and disguise. In several stories ("The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton", "<a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Twisted_Lip" title="The Man with the Twisted Lip">The Man with the Twisted Lip</a>", "The Adventure of the Empty House" and "A Scandal in Bohemia"), to gather evidence undercover he uses disguises so convincing that Watson fails to recognise him. In others ("<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Dying_Detective" title="The Adventure of the Dying Detective">The Adventure of the Dying Detective</a>" and "A Scandal in Bohemia"), Holmes feigns injury or illness to incriminate the guilty. In the latter story, Watson says, "The stage lost a fine actor&#160;... when [Holmes] became a specialist in crime".<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127">&#91;127&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Agents">Agents</span></h3>
<p>Until Watson's arrival at Baker Street Holmes largely worked alone, only occasionally employing agents from the city's underclass; these agents included a variety of <a href="/wiki/Informants" class="mw-redirect" title="Informants">informants</a>, such as Langdale Pike, a "human book of reference upon all matters of social scandal",<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128">&#91;128&#93;</a></sup> and Shinwell Johnson, who acted as Holmes's "agent in the huge criminal underworld of London".<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129">&#91;129&#93;</a></sup> The most well known of Holmes's agents are a group of street children he called "the <a href="/wiki/Baker_Street_Irregulars" title="Baker Street Irregulars">Baker Street Irregulars</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130">&#91;130&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131">&#91;131&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Combat"><span id="Weapons_and_martial_arts"></span>Combat</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_Mark_III_Model_of_1872.JPG" class="image"><img alt="Long-barreled revolver with a black handle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/British_Army_Mark_III_Model_of_1872.JPG/220px-British_Army_Mark_III_Model_of_1872.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/British_Army_Mark_III_Model_of_1872.JPG/330px-British_Army_Mark_III_Model_of_1872.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/British_Army_Mark_III_Model_of_1872.JPG/440px-British_Army_Mark_III_Model_of_1872.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="766" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:British_Army_Mark_III_Model_of_1872.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>British Army (Adams) Mark III, which differed from the Mark II in its ejector-rod design</div></div></div>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Pistols">Pistols</span></h4>
<p>Holmes and Watson often carry pistols with them to confront criminals—in Watson's case, his old service weapon (probably a Mark III <a href="/wiki/Beaumont%E2%80%93Adams_revolver" title="Beaumont–Adams revolver">Adams revolver</a>, issued to British troops during the 1870s).<sup id="cite_ref-Guns_&amp;_Ammo_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guns_&amp;_Ammo-132">&#91;132&#93;</a></sup> Holmes and Watson shoot the eponymous hound in <i>The Hound of the Baskervilles</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133">&#91;133&#93;</a></sup> and in "The Adventure of the Empty House" Watson <a href="/wiki/Pistol-whip" class="mw-redirect" title="Pistol-whip">pistol-whips</a> Colonel <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Moran" title="Sebastian Moran">Sebastian Moran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134">&#91;134&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_weapons">Other weapons</span></h4>
<p>As a gentleman, Holmes often carries a stick or cane. He is described by Watson as an expert at <a href="/wiki/Singlestick" title="Singlestick">singlestick</a><sup id="cite_ref-Klinger_III_pp._34-35_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klinger_III_pp._34-35-87">&#91;87&#93;</a></sup> and uses his cane twice as a weapon.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135">&#91;135&#93;</a></sup> In <i>A Study in Scarlet</i>, Watson describes Holmes as an expert swordsman,<sup id="cite_ref-Klinger_III_pp._34-35_87-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klinger_III_pp._34-35-87">&#91;87&#93;</a></sup> and in "The <i>Gloria Scott</i>" the detective says he practised <a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">fencing</a> while at university.<sup id="cite_ref-Klinger_I_p._502_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klinger_I_p._502-54">&#91;54&#93;</a></sup> In several stories ("<a href="/wiki/A_Case_of_Identity" title="A Case of Identity">A Case of Identity</a>", "The Red-Headed League", "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Six_Napoleons" title="The Adventure of the Six Napoleons">The Adventure of the Six Napoleons</a>") Holmes wields a <a href="/wiki/Crop_(implement)" title="Crop (implement)">riding crop</a>, described in the latter story as his "favourite weapon".<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136">&#91;136&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_combat">Personal combat</span></h4>
<p>The detective is described (or demonstrated) as possessing above-average physical strength. In "The Yellow Face", Holmes's chronicler says, "Few men were capable of greater muscular effort."<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137">&#91;137&#93;</a></sup> In "The Adventure of the Speckled Band", Dr. Roylott demonstrates his strength by bending a fire poker in half. Watson describes Holmes as laughing, "'if he had remained I might have shown him that my grip was not much more feeble than his own.' As he spoke he picked up the steel poker and, with a sudden effort, straightened it out again."<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138">&#91;138&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Holmes is an adept <a href="/wiki/Bare-knuckle_boxing" title="Bare-knuckle boxing">bare-knuckle</a> fighter; "The <i>Gloria Scott</i>" mentions that Holmes boxed while at university.<sup id="cite_ref-Klinger_I_p._502_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klinger_I_p._502-54">&#91;54&#93;</a></sup> In <i>The Sign of Four</i>, he introduces himself to McMurdo, a <a href="/wiki/Professional_boxing" title="Professional boxing">prize fighter</a>, as "the <a href="/wiki/Amateur_boxing" title="Amateur boxing">amateur</a> who fought three rounds with you at Alison's rooms on the night of your benefit four years back." McMurdo remembers: "Ah, you're one that has wasted your gifts, you have! You might have aimed high if you had joined the fancy."<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139">&#91;139&#93;</a></sup> In "The Yellow Face", Watson says: "He was undoubtedly one of the finest boxers of his weight that I have ever seen".<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140">&#91;140&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In "The Adventure of the Empty House", Holmes tells Watson that he used a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_martial_arts" title="Japanese martial arts">Japanese martial art</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Baritsu" title="Baritsu">baritsu</a> to fling Moriarty to his death in the <a href="/wiki/Reichenbach_Falls" title="Reichenbach Falls">Reichenbach Falls</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141">&#91;141&#93;</a></sup> "Baritsu" is Conan Doyle's version of <a href="/wiki/Bartitsu" title="Bartitsu">bartitsu</a>, which combines <a href="/wiki/Jujitsu" class="mw-redirect" title="Jujitsu">jujitsu</a> with boxing and <a href="/wiki/Canne_de_combat" title="Canne de combat">cane fencing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142">&#91;142&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Reception">Reception</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Popularity">Popularity</span></h3>
<p>The first two Sherlock Holmes stories, the novels <i><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet" title="A Study in Scarlet">A Study in Scarlet</a></i> (1887) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_the_Four" title="The Sign of the Four">The Sign of the Four</a></i> (1890), were moderately well received, but Holmes first became widely popular early in 1891, when the first six short stories featuring the character were published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Strand_Magazine" title="The Strand Magazine">The Strand Magazine</a></i>. Holmes became very popular in Britain and America.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> The character was so popular that in 1893, when Arthur Conan Doyle killed off Holmes in the short story "<a href="/wiki/The_Final_Problem" title="The Final Problem">The Final Problem</a>", the strongly negative response from readers was unlike any previous public reaction to a fictional event. The <i>Strand</i> reportedly lost more than 20,000 subscribers as a result of Holmes's death. Public pressure eventually contributed to Conan Doyle writing another Holmes story in 1901 and resurrecting the character in a story published in 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Many fans of Sherlock Holmes have written letters to Holmes's address, <a href="/wiki/221B_Baker_Street" title="221B Baker Street">221B Baker Street</a>. Though the address 221B Baker Street did not exist when the stories were first published, letters began arriving to the large <a href="/wiki/Abbey_National" title="Abbey National">Abbey National</a> building which first encompassed that address almost as soon as it was built in 1932. Fans continue to send letters to Sherlock Holmes;<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143">&#91;143&#93;</a></sup> these letters are now delivered to the <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum" title="Sherlock Holmes Museum">Sherlock Holmes Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144">&#91;144&#93;</a></sup> Some of the people who have sent letters to 221B Baker Street believe Holmes is real.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> Members of the general public have also believed Holmes actually existed. In a 2008 survey of British teenagers, 58 percent of respondents believed that Sherlock Holmes was a real individual.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The Sherlock Holmes stories continue to be widely read.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup> Holmes's continuing popularity has led to many reimaginings of the character in adaptations.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> <i>Guinness World Records</i>, which awarded Sherlock Holmes the title for "most portrayed literary human character in film &amp; TV" in 2012, released a statement saying that the title "reflects his enduring appeal and demonstrates that his detective talents are as compelling today as they were 125 years ago."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Honours">Honours</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_Of_Sherlock_Holmes-Marylebone_Road.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Statue_Of_Sherlock_Holmes-Marylebone_Road.jpg/170px-Statue_Of_Sherlock_Holmes-Marylebone_Road.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Statue_Of_Sherlock_Holmes-Marylebone_Road.jpg/255px-Statue_Of_Sherlock_Holmes-Marylebone_Road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Statue_Of_Sherlock_Holmes-Marylebone_Road.jpg/340px-Statue_Of_Sherlock_Holmes-Marylebone_Road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="800" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_Of_Sherlock_Holmes-Marylebone_Road.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes,_London" title="Statue of Sherlock Holmes, London">Statue of Sherlock Holmes</a> near <a href="/wiki/221B_Baker_Street" title="221B Baker Street">221B Baker Street</a>, London</div></div></div>
<p>The London <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Railway" title="Metropolitan Railway">Metropolitan Railway</a> named one of its twenty <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Railway_electric_locomotives" title="Metropolitan Railway electric locomotives">electric locomotives</a> deployed in the 1920s for Sherlock Holmes. He was the only fictional character so honoured, along with eminent Britons such as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Benjamin Disraeli</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Florence_Nightingale" title="Florence Nightingale">Florence Nightingale</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reed1934_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reed1934-145">&#91;145&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>A number of London streets are associated with Holmes. York Mews South, off Crawford Street, was renamed Sherlock Mews, and Watson's Mews is near Crawford Place.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146">&#91;146&#93;</a></sup> In 1999, a <a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes,_London" title="Statue of Sherlock Holmes, London">statue of Sherlock Holmes</a> by sculptor <a href="/wiki/John_Doubleday" title="John Doubleday">John Doubleday</a> was unveiled outside <a href="/wiki/Baker_Street_tube_station" title="Baker Street tube station">Baker Street tube station</a>, London, near the fictional detective's address, 221B Baker Street.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147">&#91;147&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Chemistry" title="Royal Society of Chemistry">Royal Society of Chemistry</a> bestowed an honorary fellowship on Holmes for his use of forensic science and analytical chemistry in popular literature, making him (as of 2019) the only fictional character thus honoured.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148">&#91;148&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Societies">Societies</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_fandom" title="Sherlock Holmes fandom">Sherlock Holmes fandom</a></div>
<p>In 1934, the Sherlock Holmes Society (in London) and the <a href="/wiki/Baker_Street_Irregulars#Literary_society" title="Baker Street Irregulars">Baker Street Irregulars</a> (in New York) were founded. Both are still active, although the Sherlock Holmes Society was dissolved in 1937 and revived in 1951.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149">&#91;149&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150">&#91;150&#93;</a></sup> These two societies were followed by many more, first in the U.S. (where they are known as "scion societies"—offshoots—of the Baker Street Irregulars) and then in England and Denmark. There are at least 250 societies worldwide, including Australia, Canada (<a href="/wiki/The_Bootmakers_of_Toronto" title="The Bootmakers of Toronto">The Bootmakers of Toronto</a>), India, and Japan (whose society has 80,000 members).<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151">&#91;151&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Swissinfo_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swissinfo-152">&#91;152&#93;</a></sup> Fans tend to be called "Holmesians" in the U.K. and "Sherlockians" in the U.S.,<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153">&#91;153&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154">&#91;154&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155">&#91;155&#93;</a></sup> though recently "Sherlockian" has also come to refer to fans of the <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_(TV_series)" title="Sherlock (TV series)">Benedict Cumberbatch-led BBC series</a> regardless of location.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156">&#91;156&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Legacy">Legacy</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_detective_story"><span id="Role_in_the_history_of_the_detective_story"></span>The detective story</span></h3>
<p>Although Holmes is not the original fictional detective, his name has become synonymous with the role.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes_in_Edinburgh.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Statue of Holmes, holding a pipe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes_in_Edinburgh.jpg/170px-Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes_in_Edinburgh.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes_in_Edinburgh.jpg/255px-Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes_in_Edinburgh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes_in_Edinburgh.jpg/340px-Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes_in_Edinburgh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3888" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes_in_Edinburgh.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Statue of Holmes in an <a href="/wiki/Inverness_cape" title="Inverness cape">Inverness cape</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Deerstalker" title="Deerstalker">deerstalker</a> cap on Picardy Place in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> (Conan Doyle's birthplace)</div></div></div>
<h3><span id=".22Elementary.2C_my_dear_Watson.22"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="&quot;Elementary,_my_dear_Watson&quot;">"Elementary, my dear Watson"</span></h3>
<p>The phrase "<b>Elementary, my dear Watson</b>" has become one of the most quoted and iconic aspects of the character. However, although Holmes often observes that his conclusions are "elementary", and occasionally calls Watson "my dear Watson", the phrase "Elementary, my dear Watson" is never uttered in any of the sixty stories by Conan Doyle.<sup id="cite_ref-bostrom183_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bostrom183-157">&#91;157&#93;</a></sup> One of the nearest approximations of the phrase appears in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Crooked_Man" title="The Adventure of the Crooked Man">The Adventure of the Crooked Man</a>" when Holmes explains a deduction: <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'Excellent!' I cried. 'Elementary,' said he."<sup id="cite_ref-snopes_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snopes-158">&#91;158&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-yale_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yale-159">&#91;159&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Gillette" title="William Gillette">William Gillette</a> is widely considered to have originated the phrase with the formulation, "Oh, this is elementary, my dear fellow", allegedly in his 1899 play <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(play)" title="Sherlock Holmes (play)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i>. However, the script was <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(play)#Revisions" title="Sherlock Holmes (play)">revised numerous times</a> over the course of some three decades of revivals and publications, and the phrase is present in some versions of the script, but not others.<sup id="cite_ref-bostrom183_157-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bostrom183-157">&#91;157&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The exact phrase, as well as close variants, can be seen in newspaper and journal articles as early as 1909;<sup id="cite_ref-bostrom183_157-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bostrom183-157">&#91;157&#93;</a></sup> there is some indication that it was clichéd even then.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160">&#91;160&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161">&#91;161&#93;</a></sup> "Elementary, my dear Watson, elementary" appears in <a href="/wiki/P._G._Wodehouse" title="P. G. Wodehouse">P. G. Wodehouse</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Psmith,_Journalist" title="Psmith, Journalist">Psmith, Journalist</a></i> (serialised 1909–10).<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162">&#91;162&#93;</a></sup> The phrase became familiar with the American public in part due to its use in <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1939_film_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1939 film series)">The Rathbone-Bruce series of films</a> from 1939 to 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163">&#91;163&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Great_Game"><span id=""></span>The Great Game</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sherlockian_game" title="Sherlockian game">Sherlockian game</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:221B_Baker_Street.JPEG" class="image"><img alt="Overhead floor plan of Holmes&#39;s lodgings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/221B_Baker_Street.JPEG/220px-221B_Baker_Street.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/221B_Baker_Street.JPEG/330px-221B_Baker_Street.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/221B_Baker_Street.JPEG/440px-221B_Baker_Street.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="565" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:221B_Baker_Street.JPEG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Russ Stutler's view of <a href="/wiki/221B_Baker_Street" title="221B Baker Street">221B Baker Street</a></div></div></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r923042769/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption-center{text-align:center;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center;background-color:transparent">Sherlock Holmes Museum, London</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_Study_2.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Cluttered desk with books, jars, sculpted elephants and other objects" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_Study_2.jpg/200px-Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_Study_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_Study_2.jpg/300px-Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_Study_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_Study_2.jpg/400px-Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_Study_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Study_(room)" title="Study (room)">Study</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_001.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Cluttered room with fireplace, three armchairs and a violin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_001.jpg/200px-Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="136" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_001.jpg/300px-Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_001.jpg/400px-Sherlock_Holmes_Museum_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4044" data-file-height="2740" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Drawing_room" title="Drawing room">Drawing room</a></div></div></div></div></div><p>Conan Doyle's 56 short stories and four novels are known as the "<a href="/wiki/Canon_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Canon of Sherlock Holmes">canon</a>" by Holmes aficionados. The Great Game (also known as the Holmesian Game, the Sherlockian Game, or simply the Game) applies the methods of literary criticism to the canon, but also operates on the pretense that Holmes and Watson were real people (and that Conan Doyle was not the author of the stories but Watson's <a href="/wiki/Literary_agent" title="Literary agent">literary agent</a>). From this basis, it attempts to resolve or explain away contradictions in the canon—such as the location of Watson's war wound, described as being in his shoulder in <i>A Study in Scarlet</i> and in his leg in <i>The Sign of Four</i>—and clarify details about Holmes, Watson and their world, combining historical research with references from the stories to construct scholarly analyses.<sup id="cite_ref-wnyc.org_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wnyc.org-164">&#91;164&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165">&#91;165&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>For example, one detail analyzed in the Game is Holmes's birth date. The chronology of the stories is notoriously difficult, with many stories lacking dates and many others containing contradictory ones. <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Morley" title="Christopher Morley">Christopher Morley</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Baring-Gould" class="mw-redirect" title="William Baring-Gould">William Baring-Gould</a> contend that the detective was born on 6 January 1854, the year being derived from the statement in "His Last Bow" that he was 60 years of age in 1914, while the precise day is derived from broader, non-canonical speculation.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166">&#91;166&#93;</a></sup> This is the date the Baker Street Irregulars work from, with their annual dinner being held each January.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167">&#91;167&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168">&#91;168&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Laurie_R._King" title="Laurie R. King">Laurie R. King</a> instead argues that details in "The <i>Gloria Scott</i>" (a story with no precise internal date) indicate that Holmes finished his second (and final) year of university in 1880 or 1885. If he began university at age 17, his birth year could be as late as 1868.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169">&#91;169&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Museums_and_special_collections">Museums and special collections</span></h3>
<p>For the 1951 <a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Britain" title="Festival of Britain">Festival of Britain</a>, Holmes's <a href="/wiki/Living_room" title="Living room">living room</a> was reconstructed as part of a Sherlock Holmes exhibition, with a collection of original material. After the festival, items were transferred to <a href="/wiki/The_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Sherlock Holmes">The Sherlock Holmes</a> (a London pub) and the Conan Doyle collection housed in <a href="/wiki/Lucens" title="Lucens">Lucens</a>, Switzerland by the author's son, <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Conan_Doyle" title="Adrian Conan Doyle">Adrian</a>. Both exhibitions, each with a Baker Street sitting-room reconstruction, are open to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-Swissinfo_152-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swissinfo-152">&#91;152&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1969, the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Reference_Library" title="Toronto Reference Library">Toronto Reference Library</a> began a collection of materials related to Conan Doyle. Stored today in Room 221B, this vast collection is accessible to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170">&#91;170&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171">&#91;171&#93;</a></sup> Similarly, in 1974 the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a> founded a collection that is now "the world’s largest gathering of material related to Sherlock Holmes and his creator". Access is closed to the general public, but is occasionally open to tours.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172">&#91;172&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173">&#91;173&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1990, the <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum" title="Sherlock Holmes Museum">Sherlock Holmes Museum</a> opened on Baker Street in London, followed the next year by a museum in <a href="/wiki/Meiringen" title="Meiringen">Meiringen</a> (near the Reichenbach Falls) dedicated to the detective.<sup id="cite_ref-Swissinfo_152-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swissinfo-152">&#91;152&#93;</a></sup> A private Conan Doyle collection is a permanent exhibit at the <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_City_Museum" title="Portsmouth City Museum">Portsmouth City Museum</a>, where the author lived and worked as a physician.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174">&#91;174&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Adaptations_and_derived_works">Adaptations and derived works</span></h2>
<p>The popularity of Sherlock Holmes has meant that many writers other than Arthur Conan Doyle have created tales of the detective in a wide variety of different media, with varying degrees of fidelity to the original characters, stories, and setting. The first known period <a href="/wiki/Pastiche" title="Pastiche">pastiche</a> dates from 1893. Titled "The Late Sherlock Holmes", it was written by Conan Doyle's close friend, <a href="/wiki/J._M._Barrie" title="J. M. Barrie">J. M. Barrie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175">&#91;175&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Adaptations have seen the character taken in radically different directions or placed in different times or even universes. For example, Holmes falls in love and marries in <a href="/wiki/Laurie_R._King" title="Laurie R. King">Laurie R. King</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mary_Russell_(fictional)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Russell (fictional)">Mary Russell</a> series, is re-animated after his death to fight future crime in the animated series <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_in_the_22nd_Century" title="Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century">Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century</a></i>, and is meshed with the setting of <a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">H. P. Lovecraft</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cthulhu_Mythos" title="Cthulhu Mythos">Cthulhu Mythos</a> in <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Emerald" title="A Study in Emerald">A Study in Emerald</a>" (which won the 2004 <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo Award</a> for Best Short Story). An especially influential pastiche was <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Meyer" title="Nicholas Meyer">Nicholas Meyer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seven-Per-Cent_Solution" title="The Seven-Per-Cent Solution">The Seven-Per-Cent Solution</a></i>, a 1974 <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">New York Times</a></i> bestselling novel (made into the 1976 <a href="/wiki/The_Seven-Per-Cent_Solution_(film)" title="The Seven-Per-Cent Solution (film)">film of the same name</a>) in which Holmes's cocaine addiction has progressed to the point of endangering his career. It served to popularize the trend of incorporating clearly identified and contemporaneous historical figures (such as <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Wilde" title="Oscar Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Jack_the_Ripper" title="Jack the Ripper">Jack the Ripper</a>) into Holmesian pastiches, something Conan Doyle himself never did.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176">&#91;176&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177">&#91;177&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178">&#91;178&#93;</a></sup> Another common pastiche approach is to create a new story fully detailing an otherwise-passing canonical reference (such as an aside by Conan Doyle mentioning the "<a href="/wiki/Giant_rat_of_Sumatra" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant rat of Sumatra">giant rat of Sumatra</a>, a story for which the world is not yet prepared" in "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Sussex_Vampire" title="The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire">The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179">&#91;179&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_and_derivative_writings">Related and derivative writings</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_pastiches" title="Sherlock Holmes pastiches">Sherlock Holmes pastiches</a></div><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_authors_of_new_Sherlock_Holmes_stories" title="List of authors of new Sherlock Holmes stories">List of authors of new Sherlock Holmes stories</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milverton_by_Sidney_Paget_5.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Painting of a woman shooting a man in a room" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milverton_by_Sidney_Paget_5.jpg/220px-The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milverton_by_Sidney_Paget_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milverton_by_Sidney_Paget_5.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="365" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milverton_by_Sidney_Paget_5.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>1904 <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Paget" title="Sidney Paget">Sidney Paget</a> illustration of "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton"</div></div></div>
<p>In addition to the <a href="/wiki/Canon_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Canon of Sherlock Holmes">Holmes canon</a>, Conan Doyle's 1898 "<a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Special" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lost Special">The Lost Special</a>" features an unnamed "amateur reasoner" intended to be identified as Holmes by his readers. The author's explanation of a baffling disappearance argued in Holmesian style poked fun at his own creation. Similar Conan Doyle short stories are "<a href="/wiki/The_Field_Bazaar" title="The Field Bazaar">The Field Bazaar</a>", "The Man with the Watches", and 1924's "<a href="/wiki/How_Watson_Learned_the_Trick" title="How Watson Learned the Trick">How Watson Learned the Trick</a>", a <a href="/wiki/Parody" title="Parody">parody</a> of the Watson–Holmes breakfast-table scenes. The author wrote other material featuring Holmes, especially plays: 1899's <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(play)" title="Sherlock Holmes (play)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (with <a href="/wiki/William_Gillette" title="William Gillette">William Gillette</a>), 1910's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Speckled_Band_(play)" title="The Speckled Band (play)">The Speckled Band</a></i>, and 1921's <i>The Crown Diamond</i> (the basis for "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Mazarin_Stone" title="The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone">The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180">&#91;180&#93;</a></sup> These non-canonical works have been collected in several works released since Conan Doyle's death.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181">&#91;181&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In terms of writers other than Conan Doyle, authors as diverse as <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Burgess" title="Anthony Burgess">Anthony Burgess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neil_Gaiman" title="Neil Gaiman">Neil Gaiman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_B._Hughes" title="Dorothy B. Hughes">Dorothy B. Hughes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_King" title="Stephen King">Stephen King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanith_Lee" title="Tanith Lee">Tanith Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/A._A._Milne" title="A. A. Milne">A. A. Milne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/P._G._Wodehouse" title="P. G. Wodehouse">P. G. Wodehouse</a> have all written Sherlock Holmes pastiches. Contemporary with Conan Doyle, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Leblanc" title="Maurice Leblanc">Maurice Leblanc</a> directly featured Holmes in his popular series about the <a href="/wiki/Gentleman_thief" title="Gentleman thief">gentleman thief</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin" title="Arsène Lupin">Arsène Lupin</a>, though legal objections from Conan Doyle forced Leblanc to modify the name to "Herlock Sholmes" in reprints and <a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin_versus_Herlock_Sholmes" title="Arsène Lupin versus Herlock Sholmes">later stories</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182">&#91;182&#93;</a></sup> Famed American mystery writer <a href="/wiki/John_Dickson_Carr" title="John Dickson Carr">John Dickson Carr</a> collaborated with Arthur Conan Doyle's son, <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Conan_Doyle" title="Adrian Conan Doyle">Adrian Conan Doyle</a>, on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Exploits_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes">The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes</a></i>, a pastiche collection from 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183">&#91;183&#93;</a></sup> In 2011, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Horowitz" title="Anthony Horowitz">Anthony Horowitz</a> published a Sherlock Holmes novel, <i><a href="/wiki/The_House_of_Silk" title="The House of Silk">The House of Silk</a></i>, presented as a continuation of Conan Doyle's work and with the approval of the Conan Doyle estate;<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184">&#91;184&#93;</a></sup> a follow-up, <i><a href="/wiki/Moriarty_(novel)" title="Moriarty (novel)">Moriarty</a></i>, appeared in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185">&#91;185&#93;</a></sup> The "MX Book of New Sherlock Holmes Stories" series of pastiches, edited by David Marcum and published by MX Publishing, has reached over a dozen volumes and features hundreds of stories echoing the original canon which were compiled for the restoration of <a href="/wiki/Undershaw" title="Undershaw">Undershaw</a> and the support of Stepping Stones School, now housed in it.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186">&#91;186&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187">&#91;187&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Some authors have written tales centred on characters from the canon other than Holmes. Anthologies edited by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kurland" title="Michael Kurland">Michael Kurland</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Mann_(writer)" title="George Mann (writer)">George Mann</a> are entirely devoted to stories told from the perspective of characters other than Holmes and Watson. <a href="/wiki/John_Gardner_(British_writer)" title="John Gardner (British writer)">John Gardner</a>, Michael Kurland, and <a href="/wiki/Kim_Newman" title="Kim Newman">Kim Newman</a>, amongst many others, have all written tales in which Holmes's nemesis <a href="/wiki/Professor_Moriarty" title="Professor Moriarty">Professor Moriarty</a> is the main character. <a href="/wiki/Mycroft_Holmes" title="Mycroft Holmes">Mycroft Holmes</a> has been the subject of several efforts: <i>Enter the Lion</i> by <a href="/wiki/Michael_P._Hodel" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael P. Hodel">Michael P. Hodel</a> and Sean M. Wright (1979),<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188">&#91;188&#93;</a></sup> a four-book series by <a href="/wiki/Quinn_Fawcett" title="Quinn Fawcett">Quinn Fawcett</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189">&#91;189&#93;</a></sup> and 2015's <i><a href="/wiki/Mycroft_Holmes_(novel)" title="Mycroft Holmes (novel)">Mycroft Holmes</a></i>, by <a href="/wiki/Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar" title="Kareem Abdul-Jabbar">Kareem Abdul-Jabbar</a> and Anna Waterhouse.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190">&#91;190&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/M._J._Trow" title="M. J. Trow">M. J. Trow</a> has written a series of seventeen books using <a href="/wiki/Inspector_Lestrade" title="Inspector Lestrade">Inspector Lestrade</a> as the central character, beginning with <i>The Adventures of Inspector Lestrade</i> in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191">&#91;191&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Carole_Nelson_Douglas" title="Carole Nelson Douglas">Carole Nelson Douglas</a>' Irene Adler series is based on "the woman" from "A Scandal in Bohemia", with the first book (1990's <i>Good Night, Mr. Holmes</i>) retelling that story from Adler's point of view.<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192">&#91;192&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Davies_(writer)" title="Martin Davies (writer)">Martin Davies</a> has written three novels where Baker Street housekeeper <a href="/wiki/Minor_Sherlock_Holmes_characters#Mrs._Hudson" title="Minor Sherlock Holmes characters">Mrs. Hudson</a> is the protagonist.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193">&#91;193&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Laurie_R._King" title="Laurie R. King">Laurie R. King</a> recreated Holmes in her <a href="/wiki/Mary_Russell_(fictional)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Russell (fictional)">Mary Russell</a> series (beginning with 1994's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Beekeeper%27s_Apprentice" title="The Beekeeper&#39;s Apprentice">The Beekeeper's Apprentice</a></i>), set during the First World War and the 1920s. Her Holmes, semi-retired in Sussex, is stumbled upon by a teenaged American girl. Recognising a kindred spirit, he trains her as his apprentice and subsequently marries her. As of 2018, the series includes sixteen base novels and additional writings.<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194">&#91;194&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Solution_(novel)" title="The Final Solution (novel)">The Final Solution</a></i>, a 2004 novella by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Chabon" title="Michael Chabon">Michael Chabon</a>, concerns an unnamed but long-retired detective interested in <a href="/wiki/Beekeeping" title="Beekeeping">beekeeping</a> who tackles the case of a missing parrot belonging to a Jewish refugee boy.<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195">&#91;195&#93;</a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mitch_Cullin" title="Mitch Cullin">Mitch Cullin</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/A_Slight_Trick_of_the_Mind" title="A Slight Trick of the Mind">A Slight Trick of the Mind</a></i> (2005) takes place two years after the end of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, and explores an old and frail Sherlock Holmes (now 93) as he comes to terms with a life spent in emotionless logic;<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196">&#91;196&#93;</a></sup> this was also adapted into a film, 2015's <i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Holmes" title="Mr. Holmes">Mr. Holmes</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197">&#91;197&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>There have been a host of scholarly works dealing with Sherlock Holmes, some working within the bounds of the Great Game, and some written with the understanding that Holmes is a fictional character. In particular, there have been three major annotated editions of the complete series. The first was William Baring-Gould's 1967 <i>The Annotated Sherlock Holmes</i>. This two-volume set was ordered to fit Baring-Gould's preferred chronology, and was written from a Great Game perspective. The second was 1993's <i>The Oxford Sherlock Holmes</i> (general editor: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Dudley_Edwards" title="Owen Dudley Edwards">Owen Dudley Edwards</a>), a nine-volume set written in a straight scholarly manner. The most recent is <a href="/wiki/Leslie_S._Klinger" title="Leslie S. Klinger">Leslie Klinger's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Annotated_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes">The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (2004–05), a three-volume set that returns to a Great Game perspective.<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-198">&#91;198&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-199">&#91;199&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Adaptations_in_other_media">Adaptations in other media</span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes">Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes</a></div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_who_have_played_Sherlock_Holmes" title="List of actors who have played Sherlock Holmes">List of actors who have played Sherlock Holmes</a></div>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Frohman_presents_William_Gillette_in_his_new_four_act_drama,_Sherlock_Holmes_(LOC_var_1364)_(edit).jpg" class="image"><img alt="Painting of a seated man, lighting a cigar and looking intently to the side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Charles_Frohman_presents_William_Gillette_in_his_new_four_act_drama%2C_Sherlock_Holmes_%28LOC_var_1364%29_%28edit%29.jpg/170px-Charles_Frohman_presents_William_Gillette_in_his_new_four_act_drama%2C_Sherlock_Holmes_%28LOC_var_1364%29_%28edit%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Charles_Frohman_presents_William_Gillette_in_his_new_four_act_drama%2C_Sherlock_Holmes_%28LOC_var_1364%29_%28edit%29.jpg/255px-Charles_Frohman_presents_William_Gillette_in_his_new_four_act_drama%2C_Sherlock_Holmes_%28LOC_var_1364%29_%28edit%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Charles_Frohman_presents_William_Gillette_in_his_new_four_act_drama%2C_Sherlock_Holmes_%28LOC_var_1364%29_%28edit%29.jpg/340px-Charles_Frohman_presents_William_Gillette_in_his_new_four_act_drama%2C_Sherlock_Holmes_%28LOC_var_1364%29_%28edit%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2630" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Frohman_presents_William_Gillette_in_his_new_four_act_drama,_Sherlock_Holmes_(LOC_var_1364)_(edit).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Poster for the 1899 play <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(play)" title="Sherlock Holmes (play)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> by Conan Doyle and actor William Gillette</div></div></div>
<p><i><a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a></i> has listed Holmes as the most portrayed literary human character in film and television history, with more than 75 actors playing the part in over 250 productions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The 1899 play <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(play)" title="Sherlock Holmes (play)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i>, by Conan Doyle and <a href="/wiki/William_Gillette" title="William Gillette">William Gillette</a>, was a synthesis of several Conan Doyle stories. In addition to its popularity, the play is significant because it, rather than the original stories, introduced one of the key visual qualities commonly associated with Holmes today: his <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_pipe#Calabash" title="Tobacco pipe">calabash pipe</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200">&#91;200&#93;</a></sup> the play also formed the basis for Gillette's 1916 film, <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1916_film)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1916 film)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i>. Gillette performed as Holmes some 1,300 times. In the early 1900s, <a href="/wiki/H._A._Saintsbury" class="mw-redirect" title="H. A. Saintsbury">H. A. Saintsbury</a> took over the role from Gillette for a tour of the play. Between this play and Conan Doyle's own stage adaptation of "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Speckled_Band" title="The Adventure of the Speckled Band">The Adventure of the Speckled Band</a>", Saintsbury portrayed Holmes over 1,000 times.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-201">&#91;201&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Rathbone_as_Holmes_-_F%26R.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Rathbone_as_Holmes_-_F%26R.png/170px-Rathbone_as_Holmes_-_F%26R.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Rathbone_as_Holmes_-_F%26R.png/255px-Rathbone_as_Holmes_-_F%26R.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Rathbone_as_Holmes_-_F%26R.png/340px-Rathbone_as_Holmes_-_F%26R.png 2x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="1059" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Rathbone_as_Holmes_-_F%26R.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Basil_Rathbone" title="Basil Rathbone">Basil Rathbone</a> as Holmes</div></div></div><p>Holmes's first screen appearance was in the 1900 <a href="/wiki/Mutoscope" title="Mutoscope">Mutoscope</a> film, <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Baffled" title="Sherlock Holmes Baffled">Sherlock Holmes Baffled</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tuska_202-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tuska-202">&#91;202&#93;</a></sup> From 1921 to 1923, <a href="/wiki/Eille_Norwood" title="Eille Norwood">Eille Norwood</a> played Holmes in <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(Stoll_film_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (Stoll film series)">forty-seven silent films</a> (45 shorts and two features), in a series of performances that Conan Doyle spoke highly of.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203">&#91;203&#93;</a></sup> 1929's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Sherlock_Holmes_(1929_film)" title="The Return of Sherlock Holmes (1929 film)">The Return of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> was the first sound title to feature Holmes.<sup id="cite_ref-sherlockiana1_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sherlockiana1-204">&#91;204&#93;</a></sup> From 1939 to 1946, <a href="/wiki/Basil_Rathbone" title="Basil Rathbone">Basil Rathbone</a> played Holmes and <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Bruce" title="Nigel Bruce">Nigel Bruce</a> played Watson in <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1939_film_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1939 film series)">fourteen U.S. films</a> (two for <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> and a dozen for <a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Pictures</a>) and in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes">The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> radio show. While the Fox films were period pieces, the Universal films abandoned Victorian Britain and moved to a then-contemporary setting in which Holmes occasionally battled <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205">&#91;205&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The 1984–85 Italian/Japanese <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> series <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Hound" title="Sherlock Hound">Sherlock Hound</a></i> adapted the Holmes stories for children, with its characters being <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">anthropomorphic</a> <a href="/wiki/Dogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogs">dogs</a>. The series was co-directed by <a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206">&#91;206&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Between 1979 and 1986, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> studio <a href="/wiki/Lenfilm" title="Lenfilm">Lenfilm</a> produced a series of five television films, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes_and_Dr._Watson" title="The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson">The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson</a></i>. The series were split into eleven episodes and starred <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Livanov" title="Vasily Livanov">Vasily Livanov</a> as Holmes and <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Solomin" title="Vitaly Solomin">Vitaly Solomin</a> as Watson. For his performance, in 2006 Livanov was appointed an Honorary Member of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207">&#91;207&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208">&#91;208&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeremy_Brett.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b0/Jeremy_Brett.jpg/170px-Jeremy_Brett.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b0/Jeremy_Brett.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="314" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeremy_Brett.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Brett" title="Jeremy Brett">Jeremy Brett</a> as Holmes in the TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1984_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1984)</div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Brett" title="Jeremy Brett">Jeremy Brett</a> played the detective in <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1984_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series)"><i>Sherlock Holmes</i></a> for Britain's <a href="/wiki/Granada_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Granada Television">Granada Television</a> from 1984 to 1994. Watson was played by <a href="/wiki/David_Burke_(British_actor)" title="David Burke (British actor)">David Burke</a> (in the first two series) and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hardwicke" title="Edward Hardwicke">Edward Hardwicke</a> (in the remainder). Brett and Hardwicke also appeared on stage in 1988–89 in <i>The Secret of Sherlock Holmes</i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Garland" title="Patrick Garland">Patrick Garland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209">&#91;209&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Bert_Coules" title="Bert Coules">Bert Coules</a> penned <i><a href="/wiki/The_Further_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes">The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> starring <a href="/wiki/Clive_Merrison" title="Clive Merrison">Clive Merrison</a> as Holmes and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Williams_(actor)" title="Michael Williams (actor)">Michael Williams</a>/<a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sachs" title="Andrew Sachs">Andrew Sachs</a> as Watson, based on throwaway references in Conan Doyle's short stories and novels.<sup id="cite_ref-interview_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-210">&#91;210&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-211">&#91;211&#93;</a></sup> Coules had previously dramatised the entire Holmes canon for <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio Four</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-interview_210-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-210">&#91;210&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-212">&#91;212&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The 2009 film <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(2009_film)" title="Sherlock Holmes (2009 film)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> earned <a href="/wiki/Robert_Downey_Jr." title="Robert Downey Jr.">Robert Downey Jr.</a> a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Award</a> for his portrayal of Holmes and co-starred <a href="/wiki/Jude_Law" title="Jude Law">Jude Law</a> as Watson.<sup id="cite_ref-213" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-213">&#91;213&#93;</a></sup> Downey and Law returned for a 2011 sequel, <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_A_Game_of_Shadows" title="Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows">Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows</a></i>. In March 2019 a release date of 21 December 2021 was set for the third film in the series.<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214">&#91;214&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Benedict_Cumberbatch_filming_Sherlock_cropped.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Benedict_Cumberbatch_filming_Sherlock_cropped.jpg/170px-Benedict_Cumberbatch_filming_Sherlock_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Benedict_Cumberbatch_filming_Sherlock_cropped.jpg/255px-Benedict_Cumberbatch_filming_Sherlock_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Benedict_Cumberbatch_filming_Sherlock_cropped.jpg/340px-Benedict_Cumberbatch_filming_Sherlock_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="510" /></a>  <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Benedict_Cumberbatch_filming_Sherlock_cropped.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Cumberbatch" title="Benedict Cumberbatch">Benedict Cumberbatch</a> as Holmes in <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_(TV_series)" title="Sherlock (TV series)">Sherlock</a></i></div></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Cumberbatch" title="Benedict Cumberbatch">Benedict Cumberbatch</a> plays a modern version of the detective (with <a href="/wiki/Martin_Freeman" title="Martin Freeman">Martin Freeman</a> as John Watson) in the <a href="/wiki/BBC_One" title="BBC One">BBC One</a> TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_(TV_series)" title="Sherlock (TV series)">Sherlock</a></i>, which premiered in 2010. In the series, created by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Gatiss" title="Mark Gatiss">Mark Gatiss</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steven_Moffat" title="Steven Moffat">Steven Moffat</a>, the stories' original <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> setting is replaced by present-day London.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215">&#91;215&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Similarly, <i><a href="/wiki/Elementary_(TV_series)" title="Elementary (TV series)">Elementary</a></i> premiered on <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> in 2012, and ran until for seven seasons, until 2019. Set in contemporary New York, the series featured <a href="/wiki/Jonny_Lee_Miller" title="Jonny Lee Miller">Jonny Lee Miller</a> as Sherlock Holmes and <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Liu" title="Lucy Liu">Lucy Liu</a> as a female Dr. Joan Watson.<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216">&#91;216&#93;</a></sup> With 24 episodes per season, by the end of season two Miller became the actor who had portrayed Sherlock Holmes the most in television and/or film.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217">&#91;217&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The 2015 film <i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Holmes" title="Mr. Holmes">Mr. Holmes</a></i> starred <a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> as a retired Sherlock Holmes living in Sussex, in 1947, who grapples with an unsolved case involving a beautiful woman. The film is based on <a href="/wiki/Mitch_Cullin" title="Mitch Cullin">Mitch Cullin</a>'s 2005 novel <i><a href="/wiki/A_Slight_Trick_of_the_Mind" title="A Slight Trick of the Mind">A Slight Trick of the Mind</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218">&#91;218&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219">&#91;219&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>The 2018 television adaptation, <i><a href="/wiki/Miss_Sherlock" title="Miss Sherlock">Miss Sherlock</a></i>, is a Japanese-language production, and the first adaptation with a woman (portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABko_Takeuchi" title="Yūko Takeuchi">Yūko Takeuchi</a>) in the signature role. The episodes are based in modern-day Tokyo, with many references to Conan Doyle's stories.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220">&#91;220&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-221" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-221">&#91;221&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>Holmes has also appeared in video games, including the <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(video_game_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (video game series)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> series of eight main titles. According to the publisher, <a href="/wiki/Frogwares" title="Frogwares">Frogwares</a>, the series has sold over seven million copies.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-222">&#91;222&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Copyright_issues">Copyright issues</span></h3>
<p>The copyright for Conan Doyle's works expired in the United Kingdom and Canada at the end of 1980, was revived in 1996 and expired again at the end of 2000. The author's works are now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> in those countries.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTcopyright_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTcopyright-223">&#91;223&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224">&#91;224&#93;</a></sup>
</p><p>In the United States, for many years all works published before 1923 are in the public domain, but as ten Holmes stories were published after that date, the Conan Doyle estate maintained that the Holmes and Watson characters as a whole were still under copyright.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTcopyright_223-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTcopyright-223">&#91;223&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225">&#91;225&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-226" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-226">&#91;226&#93;</a></sup> On 14 February 2013, <a href="/wiki/Leslie_S._Klinger" title="Leslie S. Klinger">Leslie S. Klinger</a> (lawyer and editor of <i>The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes</i>) filed a <a href="/wiki/Declaratory_judgement" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaratory judgement">declaratory judgement</a> suit against the Conan Doyle estate asking the court to acknowledge that the characters of Holmes and Watson were public domain in the U.S. The court ruled in Klinger's favour on 23 December, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_Seventh_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit">Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals</a> affirmed its decision on 16 June 2014. The case was appealed to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a>, which declined to hear the case, letting the appeals court's ruling stand. This resulted in the characters from the Holmes stories, along with all but ten of the stories themselves, being in the public domain in the U.S. The stories still under copyright due to the ruling, as of that time, were those collected in <a href="/wiki/The_Case-Book_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes"><i>The</i> <i>Case-Book</i> <i>of Sherlock Holmes</i></a> other than "The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone" and "<a href="/wiki/The_Problem_of_Thor_Bridge" title="The Problem of Thor Bridge">The Problem of Thor Bridge</a>". The remaining ten Holmes stories were to enter the U.S. public domain between 1 January 2019 and 1 January 2023;<sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-227">&#91;227&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reuters_appeal_decision_228-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters_appeal_decision-228">&#91;228&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229">&#91;229&#93;</a></sup> since then, four of those ten have done so.<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-230">&#91;230&#93;</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Works"><span id="Works_listing"></span><span id="Original_stories"></span>Works</span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Canon_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Canon of Sherlock Holmes">Canon of Sherlock Holmes</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Novels">Novels</span></h3>
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet" title="A Study in Scarlet">A Study in Scarlet</a></i> (published November 1887 in <i><a href="/wiki/Beeton%27s_Christmas_Annual" title="Beeton&#39;s Christmas Annual">Beeton's Christmas Annual</a></i>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_the_Four" title="The Sign of the Four">The Sign of the Four</a></i> (published February 1890 in <i><a href="/wiki/Lippincott%27s_Monthly_Magazine" title="Lippincott&#39;s Monthly Magazine">Lippincott's Monthly Magazine</a></i>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a></i> (serialised 1901–1902 in <a href="/wiki/The_Strand_Magazine" title="The Strand Magazine"><i>The Strand</i></a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Valley_of_Fear" title="The Valley of Fear">The Valley of Fear</a></i> (serialised 1914–1915 in <i>The Strand</i>)</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Short_story_collections">Short story collections</span></h3>
<p>The short stories, originally published in magazines, were later collected in five anthologies:
</p>
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes">The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (stories published 1891–1892 in <i>The Strand</i>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Memoirs_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes">The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (stories published 1892–1893 in <i>The Strand</i>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Return of Sherlock Holmes">The Return of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (stories published 1903–1904 in <i>The Strand</i>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/His_Last_Bow" title="His Last Bow">His Last Bow</a>: Some Later Reminiscences of Sherlock Holmes</i> (stories published 1908–1917)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case-Book_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes">The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (stories published 1921–1927)</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r936637989">.mw-parser-output .portal{border:solid #aaa 1px;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portal.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portal>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright">
<ul>
<li><span><a href="/wiki/File:Book_collection.jpg" class="image"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/32px-Book_collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="noviewer thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/48px-Book_collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Book_collection.jpg/64px-Book_collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="238" /></a></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Novels" title="Portal:Novels">Novels portal</a></span></li>
<li><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/48px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/64px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Victorian_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Victorian era">Victorian era portal</a></span></li></ul></div>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Popular_culture_references_to_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Popular culture references to Sherlock Holmes">Popular culture references to Sherlock Holmes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_fandom" title="Sherlock Holmes fandom">Sherlock Holmes fandom</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/HOLMES_2" title="HOLMES 2">HOLMES 2</a> (police computer system)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_detectives,_constables,_and_agents_in_Sherlock_Holmes" title="List of detectives, constables, and agents in Sherlock Holmes">List of detectives, constables, and agents in Sherlock Holmes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Holmesian_studies" title="List of Holmesian studies">List of Holmesian studies</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sherlock_Holmes_story_references">Sherlock Holmes story references</span></h2>
<ul><li>Klinger, Leslie (ed.). <i>The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes, Volume I</i> (New York: W. W. Norton, 2005). <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r935243608">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-05916-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-05916-2">0-393-05916-2</a> ("Klinger I")</li>
<li>Klinger, Leslie (ed.). <i>The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes, Volume II</i> (New York: W. W. Norton, 2005). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-05916-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-05916-2">0-393-05916-2</a> ("Klinger II")</li>
<li>Klinger, Leslie (ed.). <i>The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes, Volume III</i> (New York: W. W. Norton, 2006). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0393058000" title="Special:BookSources/978-0393058000">978-0393058000</a> ("Klinger III")</li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Citations">Citations</span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-:1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Sutherland, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/articles/arthur-conan-doyle-the-creator-of-sherlock-holmes-the-worlds-most-famous-literary-detective">"Sherlock Holmes, the world's most famous literary detective"</a>. <i>British Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=British+Library&amp;rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes%2C+the+world%27s+most+famous+literary+detective&amp;rft.aulast=Sutherland&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fromantics-and-victorians%2Farticles%2Farthur-conan-doyle-the-creator-of-sherlock-holmes-the-worlds-most-famous-literary-detective&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Haigh, Brian (20 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bradford/content/articles/2007/02/27/sherlock_holmes_huddersfield_feature.shtml">"A star comes to Huddersfield!"</a>. <i>BBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC&amp;rft.atitle=A+star+comes+to+Huddersfield%21&amp;rft.date=2008-05-20&amp;rft.aulast=Haigh&amp;rft.aufirst=Brian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbradford%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F2007%2F02%2F27%2Fsherlock_holmes_huddersfield_feature.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2012/5/sherlock-holmes-awarded-title-for-most-portrayed-literary-human-character-in-film-tv-41743/">"Sherlock Holmes awarded title for most portrayed literary human character in film &amp; TV"</a>. <i>Guinness World Records</i>. 14 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Guinness+World+Records&amp;rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes+awarded+title+for+most+portrayed+literary+human+character+in+film+%26+TV&amp;rft.date=2012-05-14&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guinnessworldrecords.com%2Fnews%2F2012%2F5%2Fsherlock-holmes-awarded-title-for-most-portrayed-literary-human-character-in-film-tv-41743%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:5-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Rule, Sheila (5 November 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/05/world/sherlock-holmes-s-mail-not-too-mysterious.html">"Sherlock Holmes's Mail: Not Too Mysterious"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes%27s+Mail%3A+Not+Too+Mysterious&amp;rft.date=1989-11-05&amp;rft.aulast=Rule&amp;rft.aufirst=Sheila&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F11%2F05%2Fworld%2Fsherlock-holmes-s-mail-not-too-mysterious.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:6-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Simpson, Aislinn (4 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1577511/Winston-Churchill-didnt-really-exist-say-teens.html">"Winston Churchill didn't really exist, say teens"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&amp;rft.atitle=Winston+Churchill+didn%27t+really+exist%2C+say+teens&amp;rft.date=2008-02-04&amp;rft.issn=0307-1235&amp;rft.aulast=Simpson&amp;rft.aufirst=Aislinn&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1577511%2FWinston-Churchill-didnt-really-exist-say-teens.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Armstrong, Jennifer Keishin (6 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20160106-how-sherlock-holmes-changed-the-world">"How Sherlock Holmes changed the world"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=How+Sherlock+Holmes+changed+the+world&amp;rft.date=2016-01-06&amp;rft.aulast=Armstrong&amp;rft.aufirst=Jennifer+Keishin&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fculture%2Fstory%2F20160106-how-sherlock-holmes-changed-the-world&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">
<cite class="citation book">Sova, Dawn B. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/edgarallanpoetoz0000sova/page/162"><i>Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z</i></a> (Paperback ed.). New York: Checkmark Books. pp.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/edgarallanpoetoz0000sova/page/162">162–163</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-4161-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-4161-X"><bdi>0-8160-4161-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Edgar+Allan+Poe%3A+A+to+Z&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=162-163&amp;rft.edition=Paperback&amp;rft.pub=Checkmark+Books&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=0-8160-4161-X&amp;rft.aulast=Sova&amp;rft.aufirst=Dawn+B.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fedgarallanpoetoz0000sova%2Fpage%2F162&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Knowles, Christopher (2007). <a href="/wiki/Our_Gods_Wear_Spandex:_The_Secret_History_of_Comic_Book_Heroes" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Gods Wear Spandex: The Secret History of Comic Book Heroes"><i>Our Gods Wear Spandex: The Secret History of Comic Book Heroes</i></a>. San Francisco: Weiser Books. p.&#160;67. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57863-406-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57863-406-4"><bdi>978-1-57863-406-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Our+Gods+Wear+Spandex%3A+The+Secret+History+of+Comic+Book+Heroes&amp;rft.place=San+Francisco&amp;rft.pages=67&amp;rft.pub=Weiser+Books&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-57863-406-4&amp;rft.aulast=Knowles&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Conan Doyle, Arthur (1993).  Lancelyn Green, Richard (ed.). <i>The Oxford Sherlock Holmes: The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp.&#160;xv.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Sherlock+Holmes%3A+The+Adventures+of+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pages=xv&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.aulast=Conan+Doyle&amp;rft.aufirst=Arthur&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, pp. 42-44—<i>A Study in Scarlet</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lycett, Andrew (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manwhocreatedshe00lyce/page/53"><i>The Man Who Created Sherlock Holmes: The Life and Times of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle</i></a>. Free Press. pp.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manwhocreatedshe00lyce/page/53">53–54, 190</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-7523-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-7523-1"><bdi>978-0-7432-7523-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Man+Who+Created+Sherlock+Holmes%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+Sir+Arthur+Conan+Doyle&amp;rft.pages=53-54%2C+190&amp;rft.pub=Free+Press&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7432-7523-1&amp;rft.aulast=Lycett&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmanwhocreatedshe00lyce%2Fpage%2F53&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Barring-Gould, William S. (1974). <i>The Annotated Sherlock Holmes</i>. Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. p.&#160;8. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-50291-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-50291-7"><bdi>0-517-50291-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Annotated+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.pages=8&amp;rft.pub=Clarkson+N.+Potter%2C+Inc.&amp;rft.date=1974&amp;rft.isbn=0-517-50291-7&amp;rft.aulast=Barring-Gould&amp;rft.aufirst=William+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Doyle, A. Conan (1961). <i>The Boys' Sherlock Holmes, New &amp; Enlarged Edition</i>. Harper &amp; Row. p.&#160;88.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Boys%27+Sherlock+Holmes%2C+New+%26+Enlarged+Edition&amp;rft.pages=88&amp;rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&amp;rft.date=1961&amp;rft.aulast=Doyle&amp;rft.aufirst=A.+Conan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cauvain, Henry (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dAhVcqVyDeAC&amp;pg=PA3&amp;lpg=PA3"><i>Peter D. O'Neill, foreword to </i>Maximilien Heller<i><span></span></i></a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781901414301" title="Special:BookSources/9781901414301"><bdi>9781901414301</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Peter+D.+O%27Neill%2C+foreword+to+Maximilien+Heller&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=9781901414301&amp;rft.aulast=Cauvain&amp;rft.aufirst=Henry&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdAhVcqVyDeAC%26pg%3DPA3%26lpg%3DPA3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.es/cultura/20150223/abci-polemica-sobre-sherlock-holmes-201502211944.html">"¿Fue Sherlock Holmes un plagio?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ABC_(newspaper)" title="ABC (newspaper)">ABC</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ABC&amp;rft.atitle=%C2%BFFue+Sherlock+Holmes+un+plagio%3F&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.es%2Fcultura%2F20150223%2Fabci-polemica-sobre-sherlock-holmes-201502211944.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:3ezu1TaMrK4J:tesi.cab.unipd.it/46778/1/TESI_COMPLETA_UNIPD.pdf+&amp;cd=7&amp;hl=es&amp;ct=clnk&amp;gl=es">"<i>Maximilien Holmes. How Intertextuality Influences Translation</i>, by Sandro Maria Perna, Università degli Studi di Padova 2013/14"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Maximilien+Holmes.+How+Intertextuality+Influences+Translation%2C+by+Sandro+Maria+Perna%2C+Universit%C3%A0+degli+Studi+di+Padova+2013%2F14&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebcache.googleusercontent.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dcache%3A3ezu1TaMrK4J%3Atesi.cab.unipd.it%2F46778%2F1%2FTESI_COMPLETA_UNIPD.pdf%2B%26cd%3D7%26hl%3Des%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Des&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=France">"France"</a>. <i>The Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Arthur+Conan+Doyle+Encyclopedia&amp;rft.atitle=France&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arthur-conan-doyle.com%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DFrance&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Brown, David W. (14 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mentalfloss.com/article/63985/15-curious-facts-about-sherlock-holmes-and-sherlockian-subculture">"15 Curious Facts About Sherlock Holmes and the Sherlockian Subculture"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mental_Floss" title="Mental Floss">Mental Floss</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Mental+Floss&amp;rft.atitle=15+Curious+Facts+About+Sherlock+Holmes+and+the+Sherlockian+Subculture&amp;rft.date=2015-05-14&amp;rft.aulast=Brown&amp;rft.aufirst=David+W.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmentalfloss.com%2Farticle%2F63985%2F15-curious-facts-about-sherlock-holmes-and-sherlockian-subculture&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 1432—"<a href="/wiki/His_Last_Bow_(short_story)" title="His Last Bow (short story)">His Last Bow</a>"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, pp. 637-639—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Greek_Interpreter" title="The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter">The Greek Interpreter</a>"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Quigley, Michael J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arthurconandoyle.co.uk/character/mycroft-holmes">"Mycroft Holmes"</a>. <i>The Official Conan Doyle Estate Ltd</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Official+Conan+Doyle+Estate+Ltd.&amp;rft.atitle=Mycroft+Holmes&amp;rft.aulast=Quigley&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farthurconandoyle.co.uk%2Fcharacter%2Fmycroft-holmes&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, pp. 529-531—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Musgrave_Ritual" title="The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual">The Musgrave Ritual</a>"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, pp. 501-502—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Gloria_Scott" title="The Adventure of the Gloria Scott">The <i>Gloria Scott</i></a>"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, pp. 17-18, 28—<i>A Study in Scarlet</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Birkby, Michelle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arthurconandoyle.co.uk/character/mrs-hudson">"Mrs Hudson"</a>. <i>The Official Conan Doyle Estate Ltd</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Official+Conan+Doyle+Estate+Ltd.&amp;rft.atitle=Mrs+Hudson&amp;rft.aulast=Birkby&amp;rft.aufirst=Michelle&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farthurconandoyle.co.uk%2Fcharacter%2Fmrs-hudson&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, pp. 1692, 1705-1706—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Veiled_Lodger" title="The Adventure of the Veiled Lodger">The Adventure of the Veiled Lodger</a>"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, p. 217—<i>The Sign of Four</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 1598—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Three_Garridebs" title="The Adventure of the Three Garridebs">The Adventure of the Three Garridebs</a>"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Reigate_Squire" title="The Adventure of the Reigate Squire">The Reigate Squires</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Illustrious_Client" title="The Adventure of the Illustrious Client">The Adventure of the Illustrious Client</a>" are two examples.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 976—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Black_Peter" title="The Adventure of Black Peter">The Adventure of Black Peter</a>"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, pp. 561-562—"The Reigate Squires"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, pp. 1190-1191, 1222-1225—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Second_Stain" title="The Adventure of the Second Stain">The Adventure of the Second Stain</a>"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Klinger_I_pp._15-16-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_I_pp._15-16_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_I_pp._15-16_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, pp. 15-16—"A Scandal in Bohemia"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 1092—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Golden_Pince-Nez" title="The Adventure of the Golden Pince-Nez">The Adventure of the Golden Pince-Nez</a>"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, p. 299—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Noble_Bachelor" title="The Adventure of the Noble Bachelor">The Adventure of the Noble Bachelor</a>"—there was no such position in existence at the time of the story.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Hound of the Baskervilles</i> (Klinger III p. 409) and "The Adventure of Black Peter" (Klinger II p. 977)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Bruce-Partington_Plans" title="The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans">The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans</a>", "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Naval_Treaty" title="The Adventure of the Naval Treaty">The Naval Treaty</a>", and after retirement, "<a href="/wiki/His_Last_Bow_(story)" class="mw-redirect" title="His Last Bow (story)">His Last Bow</a>".</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 1581—"The Adventure of the Three Garridebs"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In "The Naval Treaty" (Klinger I p. 691), Holmes remarks that, of his last fifty-three cases, the police have had all the credit in forty-nine.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Walsh, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arthurconandoyle.co.uk/character/professor-james-moriarty">"Professor James Moriarty"</a>. <i>The Official Conan Doyle Estate Ltd</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Official+Conan+Doyle+Estate+Ltd.&amp;rft.atitle=Professor+James+Moriarty&amp;rft.aulast=Walsh&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farthurconandoyle.co.uk%2Fcharacter%2Fprofessor-james-moriarty&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 1448—<i>The Case-book of Sherlock Holmes</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Calamai, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bakerstreetjournal.com/armbands.html">"A Reader Challenge &amp; Prize"</a>. <i>The Baker Street Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Baker+Street+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=A+Reader+Challenge+%26+Prize&amp;rft.aulast=Calamai&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bakerstreetjournal.com%2Farmbands.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, pp. 791-794—"The Adventure of the Empty House"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, pp. 815-822</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Ransom_Riggs" title="Ransom Riggs">Riggs, Ransom</a> (2009). <i>The Sherlock Holmes Handbook. The methods and mysteries of the world's greatest detective</i>. Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/Quirk_Books" title="Quirk Books">Quirk Books</a>. pp.&#160;115–118. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59474-429-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59474-429-7"><bdi>978-1-59474-429-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Sherlock+Holmes+Handbook.+The+methods+and+mysteries+of+the+world%27s+greatest+detective&amp;rft.place=Philadelphia&amp;rft.pages=115-118&amp;rft.pub=Quirk+Books&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-59474-429-7&amp;rft.aulast=Riggs&amp;rft.aufirst=Ransom&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, pp. 1229, 1437, 1440—His Last Bow</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 1189—"The Adventure of the Second Stain"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 1667—"The Adventure of the Lion's Mane"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, p. 265—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Engineer%27s_Thumb" title="The Adventure of the Engineer&#39;s Thumb">The Adventure of the Engineer's Thumb</a>"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, p. 550—<i>The Hound of the Baskervilles</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, pp. 528-529—"The Musgrave Ritual"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, p. 481—<i>The Hound of the Baskervilles</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"A Scandal in Bohemia", "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Charles_Augustus_Milverton" title="The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton">The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Illustrious_Client" title="The Adventure of the Illustrious Client">The Adventure of the Illustrious Client</a>"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Klinger_I_p._502-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_I_p._502_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_I_p._502_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_I_p._502_54-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, p. 502—"The <i>Gloria Scott</i>"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 848—"The Adventure of the Norwood Builder"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 1513—"The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, pp. 34-36—<i>A Study in Scarlet</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, pp. 1296-1297—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Red_Circle" title="The Adventure of the Red Circle">The Adventure of the Red Circle</a>"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, p. 58—"The Red-Headed League"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, pp. 213-214—<i>The Sign of Four</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Diniejko, Andrzej (13 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianweb.org/authors/doyle/addiction.html">"Sherlock Holmes's Addictions"</a>. <i>The Victorian Web</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Victorian+Web&amp;rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes%27s+Addictions&amp;rft.date=2013-12-13&amp;rft.aulast=Diniejko&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrzej&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victorianweb.org%2Fauthors%2Fdoyle%2Faddiction.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Diniejko, Andrzej (7 September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianweb.org/victorian/science/addiction/addiction2.html">"Victorian Drug Use"</a>. <i>The Victorian Web</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Victorian+Web&amp;rft.atitle=Victorian+Drug+Use&amp;rft.date=2002-09-07&amp;rft.aulast=Diniejko&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrzej&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victorianweb.org%2Fvictorian%2Fscience%2Faddiction%2Faddiction2.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Dalby, J. T. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bakerstreetdozen.com/coca.html">"Sherlock Holmes's Cocaine Habit"</a>. <i>Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine</i>. <b>8</b>: 73–74. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0790966700016475">10.1017/S0790966700016475</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Irish+Journal+of+Psychological+Medicine&amp;rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes%27s+Cocaine+Habit&amp;rft.volume=8&amp;rft.pages=73-74&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0790966700016475&amp;rft.au=Dalby%2C+J.+T.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbakerstreetdozen.com%2Fcoca.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, pp. 215-216—<i>The Sign of Four</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 450—"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Yellow_Face" title="The Adventure of the Yellow Face">The Yellow Face</a>"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 1124—"The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, p. 423—<i>The Hound of the Baskervilles</i>. See also Klinger II, pp. 950, 1108-1109.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 1402—"The Adventure of the Devil's Foot"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 1609—"The Problem of Thor Bridge"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 971—"The Adventure of the Priory School"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.victorianweb.org/economics/wages2.html">"Wages and Cost of Living in the Victorian Era"</a>. <i>The Victorian Web</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Victorian+Web&amp;rft.atitle=Wages+and+Cost+of+Living+in+the+Victorian+Era&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.victorianweb.org%2Feconomics%2Fwages2.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 976—"The Adventure of Black Peter"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Liebow, Ely (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i5nb6TywMIQC&amp;pg=PA173"><i>Dr. Joe Bell: Model for Sherlock Holmes</i></a>. Popular Press. p.&#160;173. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780879721985" title="Special:BookSources/9780879721985"><bdi>9780879721985</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Dr.+Joe+Bell%3A+Model+for+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.pages=173&amp;rft.pub=Popular+Press&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft.isbn=9780879721985&amp;rft.aulast=Liebow&amp;rft.aufirst=Ely&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di5nb6TywMIQC%26pg%3DPA173&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, p. 704—<i>The Valley of Fear</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, pp. 1203-1204—"The Adventure of the Second Stain"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, p. 311—<i>The Sign of Four</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 1676—"The Adventure of the Lion's Mane"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, p. 378—<i>The Sign of Four</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 1422—"The Adventure of the Devil's Foot"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, p. 635—"The Greek Interpreter"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 1111—"The Adventure of the Golden Pince-Nez"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, pp. 1341-1342—"The Adventure of the Dying Detective"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, pp. 1015-1106—"The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Karlson, Katherine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arthurconandoyle.co.uk/character/irene-adler">"Irene Adler"</a>. <i>The Official Conan Doyle Estate Ltd</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Official+Conan+Doyle+Estate+Ltd.&amp;rft.atitle=Irene+Adler&amp;rft.aulast=Karlson&amp;rft.aufirst=Katherine&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farthurconandoyle.co.uk%2Fcharacter%2Firene-adler&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, pp. 5-6—"A Scandal in Bohemia"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, pp. 5-40—"A Scandal in Bohemia"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Klinger_III_pp._34-35-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_III_pp._34-35_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_III_pp._34-35_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klinger_III_pp._34-35_87-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, pp. 34-35—<i>A Study in Scarlet</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, p. 202—<i>A Study in Scarlet</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, p. 100—"A Case of Identity"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger IIII, p. 282—<i>The Sign of Four</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, p. 73—"The Red-Headed League"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, p. 570—<i>The Hound of the Baskervilles</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, pp. 1333-1334, 1338-1340—"The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Klinger, Leslie (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174800/http://webpages.charter.net/lklinger/lassus.htm">"Lost in Lassus: The Missing Monograph"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webpages.charter.net/lklinger/lassus.htm">the original</a> on 6 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Lost+in+Lassus%3A+The+Missing+Monograph&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.aulast=Klinger&amp;rft.aufirst=Leslie&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebpages.charter.net%2Flklinger%2Flassus.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 888—"The Adventure of the Dancing Men"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, pp. 32-33—<i>A Study in Scarlet</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, p. 650—<i>The Valley of Fear</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 1689—"The Adventure of the Lion's Mane"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, p. 33—"A Scandal in Bohemia"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, p. 216—"The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Konnikova, Maria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pointofinquiry.org/maria_konnikova_how_to_think_like_sherlock_holmes/">"How to Think Like Sherlock Holmes"</a>. <i>Point of Inquiry</i>. Center for Inquiry<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Point+of+Inquiry&amp;rft.atitle=How+to+Think+Like+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.aulast=Konnikova&amp;rft.aufirst=Maria&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pointofinquiry.org%2Fmaria_konnikova_how_to_think_like_sherlock_holmes%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, pp. 387-392—<i>The Hound of the Baskervilles</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, pp. 450-453—"The Yellow Face"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, pp. 201-203—"The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, p. 9—"A Scandal in Bohemia"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, p. 42—<i>A Study in Scarlet</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, pp. 423-426—"The Cardboard Box"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, pp. 864-865—"The Adventure of the Dancing Men"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Bird-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bird_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Alexander Bird (27 June 2006). "Abductive Knowledge and Holmesian Inference".  In Tamar Szabo Gendler; John Hawthorne (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=yMDWLq2FdrIC"><i>Oxford studies in epistemology</i></a>. p.&#160;11. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928590-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928590-7"><bdi>978-0-19-928590-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Abductive+Knowledge+and+Holmesian+Inference&amp;rft.btitle=Oxford+studies+in+epistemology&amp;rft.pages=11&amp;rft.date=2006-06-27&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-928590-7&amp;rft.au=Alexander+Bird&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DyMDWLq2FdrIC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSebeokUmiker-Sebeok1984">Sebeok &amp; Umiker-Sebeok 1984</a>, pp.&#160;19–28, esp. p. 22</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jonathan Smith (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=hFn1Zx_desIC"><i>Fact and feeling: Baconian science and the nineteenth-century literary imagination</i></a>. p.&#160;214. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-14354-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-14354-1"><bdi>978-0-299-14354-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Fact+and+feeling%3A+Baconian+science+and+the+nineteenth-century+literary+imagination&amp;rft.pages=214&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-299-14354-1&amp;rft.au=Jonathan+Smith&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DhFn1Zx_desIC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, p. 40—<i>A Study in Scarlet</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, p. 274—<i>The Sign of Four</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, pp. 449-471—"The Yellow Face"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sherlock-Holmes-Pioneer-in-Forensic-Science-1976713">"Sherlock Holmes: Pioneer in Forensic Science"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&amp;rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes%3A+Pioneer+in+Forensic+Science&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FSherlock-Holmes-Pioneer-in-Forensic-Science-1976713&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:4-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_116-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_116-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Snyder, Laura J. (2004). "Sherlock Holmes: scientific detective". <i>Endeavour</i>. <b>28</b> (3): 104–108. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.endeavour.2004.07.007">10.1016/j.endeavour.2004.07.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15350761">15350761</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Endeavour&amp;rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes%3A+scientific+detective&amp;rft.volume=28&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=104-108&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.endeavour.2004.07.007&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15350761&amp;rft.aulast=Snyder&amp;rft.aufirst=Laura+J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A Study in Scarlet</i>, "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Silver_Blaze" title="The Adventure of Silver Blaze">The Adventure of Silver Blaze</a>", "The Adventure of the Priory School", <i>The Hound of the Baskervilles</i>, "<a href="/wiki/The_Boscombe_Valley_Mystery" title="The Boscombe Valley Mystery">The Boscombe Valley Mystery</a>"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Resident_Patient" title="The Adventure of the Resident Patient">The Adventure of the Resident Patient</a>", <i>The Hound of the Baskervilles</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Reigate_Squire" title="The Adventure of the Reigate Squire">The Reigate Squires</a>", "The Man with the Twisted Lip"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, pp. 99-100—"A Case of Identity"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, p. 578—"The Reigate Squires"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, pp. 438-439—"The Cardboard Box"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, p. 670—"The Naval Treaty"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 814—"The Adventure of the Empty House"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, pp. 860-863</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/sherlock-homes-inspired-real-life-csi/">"Sherlock Homes inspired real life CSI"</a>. <i>The University of Manchester</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+University+of+Manchester&amp;rft.atitle=Sherlock+Homes+inspired+real+life+CSI&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.manchester.ac.uk%2Fdiscover%2Fnews%2Fsherlock-homes-inspired-real-life-csi%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, p. 30—"A Scandal in Bohemia"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 1545—"The Adventure of the Three Gables"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 1456—"The Adventure of the Illustrious Client"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, p. 305—<i>The Sign of Four</i>. These "street Arabs" also appear briefly in <i>A Study in Scarlet</i> and "The Adventure of the Crooked Man".</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Merritt, Russell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arthurconandoyle.co.uk/character/the-baker-street-irregulars-and-billy-the-page">"The Baker Street Irregulars and Billy The Page"</a>. <i>The Official Conan Doyle Estate Ltd</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Official+Conan+Doyle+Estate+Ltd.&amp;rft.atitle=The+Baker+Street+Irregulars+and+Billy+The+Page&amp;rft.aulast=Merritt&amp;rft.aufirst=Russell&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farthurconandoyle.co.uk%2Fcharacter%2Fthe-baker-street-irregulars-and-billy-the-page&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Guns_&amp;_Ammo-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guns_&amp;_Ammo_132-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114030405/http://archives.gunsandammo.com/content/guns-sherlock-holmes">"The Guns of Sherlock Holmes"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.gunsandammo.com/content/guns-sherlock-holmes">the original</a> on 14 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Guns+of+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.gunsandammo.com%2Fcontent%2Fguns-sherlock-holmes&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, p. 589—<i>The Hound of the Baskervilles</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, pp. 805-806—"The Adventure of the Empty House"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See "<a href="/wiki/The_Red-Headed_League" title="The Red-Headed League">The Red-Headed League</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Illustrious_Client" title="The Adventure of the Illustrious Client">The Adventure of the Illustrious Client</a>".</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 1050—"The Adventure of the Six Napoleons"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, p. 449—"The Yellow Face"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, p. 243—"The Adventure of the Speckled Band"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger III, pp. 262-263—<i>The Sign of Four</i></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger I, pp. 449-450—"The Yellow Face"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Klinger II, p. 791—"The Adventure of the Empty House"</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181130121805/http://www.bartitsu.org/index.php/2010/10/the-mystery-of-baritsu-1958/">"The Mystery of Baritsu"</a>. <i>The Bartitsu Society</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartitsu.org/index.php/2010/10/the-mystery-of-baritsu-1958/">the original</a> on 30 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Bartitsu+Society&amp;rft.atitle=The+Mystery+of+Baritsu&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartitsu.org%2Findex.php%2F2010%2F10%2Fthe-mystery-of-baritsu-1958%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/bank-accounts/5394699/Santander-who-was-Abbeys-most-famous-customer.html">"Santander: who was Abbey's most famous customer?"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. 27 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&amp;rft.atitle=Santander%3A+who+was+Abbey%27s+most+famous+customer%3F&amp;rft.date=2009-05-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffinance%2Fpersonalfinance%2Fbank-accounts%2F5394699%2FSantander-who-was-Abbeys-most-famous-customer.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Stamp, Jimmy (18 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/the-mystery-of-221b-baker-street-3608784/">"The Mystery of 221B Baker Street"</a>. <i>Smithsonian Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=The+Mystery+of+221B+Baker+Street&amp;rft.date=2012-07-18&amp;rft.aulast=Stamp&amp;rft.aufirst=Jimmy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Farts-culture%2Fthe-mystery-of-221b-baker-street-3608784%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-reed1934-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reed1934_145-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Reed, Brian (1934). <i>Railway Engines of the World</i>. Oxford University Press. p.&#160;133.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Railway+Engines+of+the+World&amp;rft.pages=133&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1934&amp;rft.au=Reed%2C+Brian&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lurotbrand.co.uk/images/mewsnews/MN%2002%20Summer%20web.pdf">Mews News</a>. <i>Lurot Brand</i>. Published Summer 2009. Retrieved 24 September 2013.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="/wiki/T._R._Reid" title="T. R. Reid">Reid, T. R.</a> (22 September 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xA8hAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=xnYFAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=2790,5166715&amp;dq=statue+sherlock-holmes+london&amp;hl=en">"Sherlock Holmes honored with statue near fictional London home"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&amp;rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes+honored+with+statue+near+fictional+London+home&amp;rft.date=1999-09-22&amp;rft.aulast=Reid&amp;rft.aufirst=T.+R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DxA8hAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DxnYFAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2790%2C5166715%26dq%3Dstatue%2Bsherlock-holmes%2Blondon%26hl%3Den&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/2332461.stm">"NI chemist honours Sherlock Holmes"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 16 October 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=NI+chemist+honours+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.date=2002-10-16&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fnorthern_ireland%2F2332461.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sherlock-holmes.org.uk/about-the-society/">"About the Society"</a>. <i>The Sherlock Holmes Society of London</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Sherlock+Holmes+Society+of+London&amp;rft.atitle=About+the+Society&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sherlock-holmes.org.uk%2Fabout-the-society%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bakerstreetirregulars.com/bsi-history/">"Origins of the BSI"</a>. <i>The Baker Street Irregulars</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Baker+Street+Irregulars&amp;rft.atitle=Origins+of+the+BSI&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbakerstreetirregulars.com%2Fbsi-history%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sherlockian.net/celebrating/locations/">"Societies and Locations"</a>. <i>Sherlockian.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Sherlockian.net&amp;rft.atitle=Societies+and+Locations&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sherlockian.net%2Fcelebrating%2Flocations%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Swissinfo-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Swissinfo_152-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swissinfo_152-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swissinfo_152-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/two-sherlock-holmes-museums-in-switzerland--elementary-/14590">"Two Sherlock Holmes museums in Switzerland? Elementary!"</a>. <i>Swissinfo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Swissinfo&amp;rft.atitle=Two+Sherlock+Holmes+museums+in+Switzerland%3F+Elementary%21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swissinfo.ch%2Feng%2Ftwo-sherlock-holmes-museums-in-switzerland--elementary-%2F14590&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Redmond, Christopher (2009). <i>Sherlock Holmes Handbook: Second Edition</i>. Dundurn Press. p.&#160;257. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55488-446-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55488-446-9"><bdi>978-1-55488-446-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes+Handbook%3A+Second+Edition&amp;rft.pages=257&amp;rft.pub=Dundurn+Press&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-55488-446-9&amp;rft.aulast=Redmond&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bakerstreetbabes.tumblr.com/post/13620494234/question-whats-the-difference-between-a">"Anonymous asked: Question: What's the difference between a Sherlockian and a Holmesian?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Baker_Street_Babes" title="Baker Street Babes">Baker Street Babes</a></i>. 1 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Baker+Street+Babes&amp;rft.atitle=Anonymous+asked%3A+Question%3A+What%27s+the+difference+between+a+Sherlockian+and+a+Holmesian%3F&amp;rft.date=2012-12-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbakerstreetbabes.tumblr.com%2Fpost%2F13620494234%2Fquestion-whats-the-difference-between-a&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Brown, David W. (6 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/63985/15-curious-facts-about-sherlock-holmes-and-sherlockian-subculture">"15 Curious Facts About Sherlock Holmes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mental_Floss" title="Mental Floss">Mental Floss</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=15+Curious+Facts+About+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.pub=Mental+Floss&amp;rft.date=2020-01-06&amp;rft.aulast=Brown&amp;rft.aufirst=David+W.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mentalfloss.com%2Farticle%2F63985%2F15-curious-facts-about-sherlock-holmes-and-sherlockian-subculture&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alistaird221b.blogspot.com/2012/06/sherlockian-or-holmesian-what-do-these.html">"Sherlockian or Holmesian - What do these terms mean now?"</a>. <i>Doyleockian</i>. 19 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Doyleockian&amp;rft.atitle=Sherlockian+or+Holmesian+-+What+do+these+terms+mean+now%3F&amp;rft.date=2012-06-19&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falistaird221b.blogspot.com%2F2012%2F06%2Fsherlockian-or-holmesian-what-do-these.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-bostrom183-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bostrom183_157-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bostrom183_157-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bostrom183_157-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Boström, Mattias (2018). <a href="/wiki/From_Holmes_to_Sherlock" title="From Holmes to Sherlock"><i>From Holmes to Sherlock</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Mysterious_Press" title="Mysterious Press">Mysterious Press</a>. p.&#160;182. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-2789-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-2789-1"><bdi>978-0-8021-2789-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Holmes+to+Sherlock&amp;rft.pages=182&amp;rft.pub=Mysterious+Press&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8021-2789-1&amp;rft.aulast=Bostr%C3%B6m&amp;rft.aufirst=Mattias&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-snopes-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-snopes_158-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mikkelson, David (2 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/elementary-my-dear-watson/">"Sherlock Holmes and 'Elementary, My Dear Watson<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Snopes.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Snopes.com">Snopes.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Snopes.com&amp;rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes+and+%E2%80%98Elementary%2C+My+Dear+Watson%E2%80%99&amp;rft.date=2006-07-02&amp;rft.aulast=Mikkelson&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.snopes.com%2Ffact-check%2Felementary-my-dear-watson%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-yale-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-yale_159-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Shapiro" title="Fred R. Shapiro">Shapiro, Fred</a> (30 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ck6bXqt5shkC&amp;pg=PA215"><i>The Yale Book of Quotations</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. p.&#160;215. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300107982" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300107982"><bdi>978-0300107982</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Yale+Book+of+Quotations&amp;rft.pages=215&amp;rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2006-10-30&amp;rft.isbn=978-0300107982&amp;rft.aulast=Shapiro&amp;rft.aufirst=Fred&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dck6bXqt5shkC%26pg%3DPA215&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quoteinvestigator.com/2016/07/14/watson/">"Elementary, My Dear Watson"</a>. <i>Quote Investigator</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Quote+Investigator&amp;rft.atitle=Elementary%2C+My+Dear+Watson&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquoteinvestigator.com%2F2016%2F07%2F14%2Fwatson%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Tovey, Beth (19 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180711042152/https://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2013/07/19/sherlock-holmes/">"A Study in Sherlock: Holmesian homages for Benedict's birthday"</a>. <i>Oxford Dictionaries</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2013/07/19/sherlock-holmes/">the original</a> on 11 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionaries&amp;rft.atitle=A+Study+in+Sherlock%3A+Holmesian+homages+for+Benedict%27s+birthday&amp;rft.date=2013-07-19&amp;rft.aulast=Tovey&amp;rft.aufirst=Beth&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.oxforddictionaries.com%2F2013%2F07%2F19%2Fsherlock-holmes%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Smallwood, Karl (27 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2013/08/sherlock-holmes-never-said-elementary-dear-watson/">"Sherlock Holmes Never Said "Elementary, My Dear Watson<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a>. <i>Today I Found Out</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Today+I+Found+Out&amp;rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes+Never+Said+%22Elementary%2C+My+Dear+Watson%22&amp;rft.date=2013-08-27&amp;rft.aulast=Smallwood&amp;rft.aufirst=Karl&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayifoundout.com%2Findex.php%2F2013%2F08%2Fsherlock-holmes-never-said-elementary-dear-watson%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Hickling, Alfred (4 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/dec/04/classics.arthurconandoyle">"Review: The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes edited by Leslie S Klinger"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Review%3A+The+New+Annotated+Sherlock+Holmes+edited+by+Leslie+S+Klinger&amp;rft.date=2004-12-04&amp;rft.issn=0261-3077&amp;rft.aulast=Hickling&amp;rft.aufirst=Alfred&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2004%2Fdec%2F04%2Fclassics.arthurconandoyle&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Weingarten, Marc (30 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/30/books/case-of-the-lawyer-with-a-sherlock-holmes-bent.html">"Case of the Lawyer With a Sherlock Holmes Bent"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Case+of+the+Lawyer+With+a+Sherlock+Holmes+Bent&amp;rft.date=2004-12-30&amp;rft.issn=0362-4331&amp;rft.aulast=Weingarten&amp;rft.aufirst=Marc&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F12%2F30%2Fbooks%2Fcase-of-the-lawyer-with-a-sherlock-holmes-bent.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">de Castella, Tom (26 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30932322">"William Gillette: Five ways he transformed how Sherlock Holmes looks and talks"</a>. <i>BBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC&amp;rft.atitle=William+Gillette%3A+Five+ways+he+transformed+how+Sherlock+Holmes+looks+and+talks&amp;rft.date=2015-01-26&amp;rft.aulast=de+Castella&amp;rft.aufirst=Tom&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-30932322&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Allen Eyles (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sherlockholmesce0000eyle/page/57"><i>Sherlock Holmes: A Centenary Celebration</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Harper_(publisher)" title="Harper (publisher)">Harper &amp; Row</a>. p.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sherlockholmesce0000eyle/page/57">57</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-015620-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-015620-1"><bdi>0-06-015620-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes%3A+A+Centenary+Celebration&amp;rft.pages=57&amp;rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.isbn=0-06-015620-1&amp;rft.au=Allen+Eyles&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsherlockholmesce0000eyle%2Fpage%2F57&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Tuska-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tuska_202-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Tuska, Jon (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/detectiveinholly00tusk/page/1"><i>The Detective in Hollywood</i></a>. New York: Doubleday. p.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/detectiveinholly00tusk/page/1">1</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-12093-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-12093-7"><bdi>978-0-385-12093-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Detective+in+Hollywood&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=1&amp;rft.pub=Doubleday&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-385-12093-7&amp;rft.aulast=Tuska&amp;rft.aufirst=Jon&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdetectiveinholly00tusk%2Fpage%2F1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Starrett, Vincent (1933). <i>The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes</i>. Otto Penzler Books (published 1993). p.&#160;156. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-883402-05-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-883402-05-0"><bdi>1-883402-05-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Private+Life+of+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.pages=156&amp;rft.pub=Otto+Penzler+Books&amp;rft.date=1933&amp;rft.isbn=1-883402-05-0&amp;rft.aulast=Starrett&amp;rft.aufirst=Vincent&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-sherlockiana1-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sherlockiana1_204-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Bunson" title="Matthew Bunson">Bunson, Matthew</a> (1997). <i>Encyclopedia Sherlockiana</i>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon &amp; Schuster">Simon &amp; Schuster</a>. p.&#160;213. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-02-861679-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-02-861679-0"><bdi>0-02-861679-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Sherlockiana&amp;rft.pages=213&amp;rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=0-02-861679-0&amp;rft.aulast=Bunson&amp;rft.aufirst=Matthew&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Eyles, Allen (1986). <i>Sherlock Holmes: A Centenary Celebration</i>. New York: Harper &amp; Row. pp.&#160;89–98. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0060156201" title="Special:BookSources/0060156201"><bdi>0060156201</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes%3A+A+Centenary+Celebration&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=89-98&amp;rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.isbn=0060156201&amp;rft.aulast=Eyles&amp;rft.aufirst=Allen&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Clements" title="Jonathan Clements">Clements, Jonathan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Helen_McCarthy" title="Helen McCarthy">McCarthy, Helen</a> (2006). <a href="/wiki/The_Anime_Encyclopedia:_A_Guide_to_Japanese_Animation_Since_1917" class="mw-redirect" title="The Anime Encyclopedia: A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917"><i>The Anime Encyclopedia: A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917</i></a> (2nd edition (Revised &amp; Expanded Edition) ed.). Stone Bridge Press. pp.&#160;580–581. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-933330-10-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-933330-10-5"><bdi>978-1-933330-10-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Anime+Encyclopedia%3A+A+Guide+to+Japanese+Animation+Since+1917&amp;rft.pages=580-581&amp;rft.edition=2nd+edition+%28Revised+%26+Expanded+Edition%29&amp;rft.pub=Stone+Bridge+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-933330-10-5&amp;rft.aulast=Clements&amp;rft.aufirst=Jonathan&amp;rft.au=McCarthy%2C+Helen&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6607249.stm">"Moscow honours legendary Holmes"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 30 April 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC&amp;rft.atitle=Moscow+honours+legendary+Holmes&amp;rft.date=2007-04-30&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F6607249.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kinchin-Smith, Sam; Gryspeerdt, Nancy (10 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.calvertjournal.com/articles/show/2817/sherlock-holmes-in-russia">"Curious incidents: the adventures of Sherlock Holmes in Russia"</a>. <i>The Calvert Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Calvert+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Curious+incidents%3A+the+adventures+of+Sherlock+Holmes+in+Russia&amp;rft.date=2014-07-10&amp;rft.aulast=Kinchin-Smith&amp;rft.aufirst=Sam&amp;rft.au=Gryspeerdt%2C+Nancy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.calvertjournal.com%2Farticles%2Fshow%2F2817%2Fsherlock-holmes-in-russia&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php/The_Secret_of_Sherlock_Holmes">"The Secret of Sherlock Holmes"</a>. <i>The Arthur Conan Doyle Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Arthur+Conan+Doyle+Encyclopedia&amp;rft.atitle=The+Secret+of+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arthur-conan-doyle.com%2Findex.php%2FThe_Secret_of_Sherlock_Holmes&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-interview-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-interview_210-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interview_210-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/cult/sherlock/coules.shtml">"Cult Presents: Sherlock Holmes – Bert Coules Interview"</a>. BBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Cult+Presents%3A+Sherlock+Holmes+%E2%80%93+Bert+Coules+Interview&amp;rft.pub=BBC&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fcult%2Fsherlock%2Fcoules.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bertcoules.co.uk/holmes.php">"Bert Coules: writer, director, speaker"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Bert+Coules%3A+writer%2C+director%2C+speaker&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bertcoules.co.uk%2Fholmes.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Charles Prepolec. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bakerstreetdozen.com/furtheradvent.html">"Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: Reviewed"</a>. BBC Radio.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Further+Adventures+of+Sherlock+Holmes%3A+Reviewed&amp;rft.pub=BBC+Radio&amp;rft.au=Charles+Prepolec&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bakerstreetdozen.com%2Ffurtheradvent.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100311184059/http://www.goldenglobes.org/nominations/year/2009/">"HFPA – Nominations and Winners"</a>. Goldenglobes.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goldenglobes.org/nominations/year/2009/">the original</a> on 11 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=HFPA+%E2%80%93+Nominations+and+Winners&amp;rft.pub=Goldenglobes.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goldenglobes.org%2Fnominations%2Fyear%2F2009%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">McNary, Dave (4 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2019/film/news/sherlock-holmes-3-release-moved-1203154935/">"Robert Downey Jr.'s 'Sherlock Holmes 3' Moved Back to 2021"</a>. <i>Variety</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Variety&amp;rft.atitle=Robert+Downey+Jr.%27s+%27Sherlock+Holmes+3%27+Moved+Back+to+2021&amp;rft.date=2019-03-04&amp;rft.aulast=McNary&amp;rft.aufirst=Dave&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2019%2Ffilm%2Fnews%2Fsherlock-holmes-3-release-moved-1203154935%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Thorpe, Vanessa (18 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2010/jul/18/sherlock-holmes-is-back-bbc">"Sherlock Holmes is back... sending texts and using nicotine patches"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes+is+back...+sending+texts+and+using+nicotine+patches&amp;rft.date=2010-07-18&amp;rft.aulast=Thorpe&amp;rft.aufirst=Vanessa&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftv-and-radio%2F2010%2Fjul%2F18%2Fsherlock-holmes-is-back-bbc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs.com/shows/elementary/about/">"About ELEMENTARY – TV Show Information"</a>. <i>www.cbs.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.cbs.com&amp;rft.atitle=About+ELEMENTARY+%E2%80%93+TV+Show+Information&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.com%2Fshows%2Felementary%2Fabout%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Boström, Mattias (2017). <a href="/wiki/From_Holmes_to_Sherlock" title="From Holmes to Sherlock"><i>From Holmes to Sherlock</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Mysterious_Press" title="Mysterious Press">Mysterious Press</a>. p.&#160;483. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-2789-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-2789-1"><bdi>978-0-8021-2789-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Holmes+to+Sherlock&amp;rft.pages=483&amp;rft.pub=Mysterious+Press&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8021-2789-1&amp;rft.aulast=Bostr%C3%B6m&amp;rft.aufirst=Mattias&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Bradshaw, Peter (18 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/jun/18/mr-holmes-review-peter-bradshaw-film-of-the-week-ian-mckellen">"Mr Holmes review – Ian McKellen gets more fascinating with age"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Mr+Holmes+review+%E2%80%93+Ian+McKellen+gets+more+fascinating+with+age&amp;rft.date=2015-06-18&amp;rft.aulast=Bradshaw&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2015%2Fjun%2F18%2Fmr-holmes-review-peter-bradshaw-film-of-the-week-ian-mckellen&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Atkinson, Nathalie (17 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/mr-holmes-every-generation-gets-a-sherlock-it-deserves/article25533399/">"Mr. Holmes: Every generation gets a Sherlock it deserves"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&amp;rft.atitle=Mr.+Holmes%3A+Every+generation+gets+a+Sherlock+it+deserves&amp;rft.date=2015-07-17&amp;rft.aulast=Atkinson&amp;rft.aufirst=Nathalie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Farts%2Ffilm%2Fmr-holmes-every-generation-gets-a-sherlock-it-deserves%2Farticle25533399%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Livingstone, Josephine (31 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/151011/irreverent-joys-japanese-sherlock-holmes">"The Irreverent Joys of a Japanese Sherlock Holmes"</a>. <i>The New Republic</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0028-6583">0028-6583</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&amp;rft.atitle=The+Irreverent+Joys+of+a+Japanese+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.date=2018-08-31&amp;rft.issn=0028-6583&amp;rft.aulast=Livingstone&amp;rft.aufirst=Josephine&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F151011%2Firreverent-joys-japanese-sherlock-holmes&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Smith, Alyssa I. (26 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2018/04/26/tv/yuko-takeuchi-steps-iconic-role-miss-sherlock-elementary-ease/">"Yuko Takeuchi steps into an iconic role on 'Miss Sherlock' with elementary ease"</a>. <i>The Japan Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Yuko+Takeuchi+steps+into+an+iconic+role+on+%27Miss+Sherlock%27+with+elementary+ease&amp;rft.date=2018-04-26&amp;rft.aulast=Smith&amp;rft.aufirst=Alyssa+I.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fculture%2F2018%2F04%2F26%2Ftv%2Fyuko-takeuchi-steps-iconic-role-miss-sherlock-elementary-ease%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Dring, Christopher (5 April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-04-05-the-secret-success-of-the-sherlock-holmes-video-games">"The secret success of the Sherlock Holmes video games"</a>. <i>gamesindustry.biz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=gamesindustry.biz&amp;rft.atitle=The+secret+success+of+the+Sherlock+Holmes+video+games&amp;rft.date=2017-04-05&amp;rft.aulast=Dring&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesindustry.biz%2Farticles%2F2017-04-05-the-secret-success-of-the-sherlock-holmes-video-games&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-NYTcopyright-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTcopyright_223-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTcopyright_223-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Itzkoff, Dave (19 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/19/books/19sherlock.html?pagewanted=all">"For the Heirs to Holmes, a Tangled Web"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=For+the+Heirs+to+Holmes%2C+a+Tangled+Web&amp;rft.date=2010-01-19&amp;rft.aulast=Itzkoff&amp;rft.aufirst=Dave&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F01%2F19%2Fbooks%2F19sherlock.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Litwak, Mark (12 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifp.org/resources/sherlock-holmes-and-the-case-of-the-public-domain/">"Sherlock Holmes and the Case of the Public Domain"</a>. <i>Independent Filmmaker Project (IFP)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Independent+Filmmaker+Project+%28IFP%29&amp;rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes+and+the+Case+of+the+Public+Domain&amp;rft.date=2013-03-12&amp;rft.aulast=Litwak&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifp.org%2Fresources%2Fsherlock-holmes-and-the-case-of-the-public-domain%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150524/17521431095/sherlock-holmes-case-never-ending-copyright-dispute.shtml">"Sherlock Holmes And The Case Of The Never Ending Copyright Dispute"</a>. <i>Techdirt</i>. 26 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Techdirt&amp;rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes+And+The+Case+Of+The+Never+Ending+Copyright+Dispute&amp;rft.date=2015-05-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techdirt.com%2Farticles%2F20150524%2F17521431095%2Fsherlock-holmes-case-never-ending-copyright-dispute.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091223/1120407488.shtml">"Elementary My Dear Watson...It's Called the Public Domain...Or is It?"</a>. <i>Techdirt</i>. 24 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Techdirt&amp;rft.atitle=Elementary+My+Dear+Watson...It%27s+Called+the+Public+Domain...Or+is+It%3F&amp;rft.date=2009-12-24&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.techdirt.com%2Farticles%2F20091223%2F1120407488.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://free-sherlock.com/">"Holmes belongs to the world"</a>. Free Sherlock!. 14 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Holmes+belongs+to+the+world&amp;rft.pub=Free+Sherlock%21&amp;rft.date=2013-02-14&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffree-sherlock.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-reuters_appeal_decision-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reuters_appeal_decision_228-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Stempel, Jonathan (16 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/16/us-sherlockholmes-lawsuit-idUKKBN0ER2BP20140616">"Sherlock Holmes belongs to the public, U.S. court rules"</a>. Reuters<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes+belongs+to+the+public%2C+U.S.+court+rules&amp;rft.date=2014-06-16&amp;rft.aulast=Stempel&amp;rft.aufirst=Jonathan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2014%2F06%2F16%2Fus-sherlockholmes-lawsuit-idUKKBN0ER2BP20140616&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kellogg, Carolyn (5 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/books/jacketcopy/la-et-jc-sherlock-holmes-public-domain-20140805-story.html">"Sherlock Holmes is really, really in the public domain – really"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Sherlock+Holmes+is+really%2C+really+in+the+public+domain+%E2%80%93+really&amp;rft.date=2014-08-05&amp;rft.aulast=Kellogg&amp;rft.aufirst=Carolyn&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbooks%2Fjacketcopy%2Fla-et-jc-sherlock-holmes-public-domain-20140805-story.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
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<li id="cite_note-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Monty, Scott (1 January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ihearofsherlock.com/2020/01/january-1-2020-three-sherlock-holmes.html">"January 1, 2020: Three Sherlock Holmes Stories Enter the Public Domain"</a>. <i>I Hear of Sherlock Everywhere</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=I+Hear+of+Sherlock+Everywhere&amp;rft.atitle=January+1%2C+2020%3A+Three+Sherlock+Holmes+Stories+Enter+the+Public+Domain&amp;rft.date=2020-01-01&amp;rft.aulast=Monty&amp;rft.aufirst=Scott&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ihearofsherlock.com%2F2020%2F01%2Fjanuary-1-2020-three-sherlock-holmes.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047268">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;">
<ul><li><cite class="citation book">Accardo, Pasquale J. (1987). <i>Diagnosis and Detection: Medical Iconography of Sherlock Holmes</i>. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-50291-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-50291-7"><bdi>0-517-50291-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Diagnosis+and+Detection%3A+Medical+Iconography+of+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.place=Madison%2C+NJ&amp;rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.isbn=0-517-50291-7&amp;rft.aulast=Accardo&amp;rft.aufirst=Pasquale+J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/William_S._Baring-Gould" title="William S. Baring-Gould">Baring-Gould, William</a> (1967). <i>The Annotated Sherlock Holmes</i>. New York: Clarkson N. Potter. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-50291-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-50291-7"><bdi>0-517-50291-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Annotated+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Clarkson+N.+Potter&amp;rft.date=1967&amp;rft.isbn=0-517-50291-7&amp;rft.aulast=Baring-Gould&amp;rft.aufirst=William&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/William_S._Baring-Gould" title="William S. Baring-Gould">Baring-Gould, William</a> (1962). <i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_of_Baker_Street" title="Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street">Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street: The Life of the World's First Consulting Detective</a></i>. New York: Clarkson N. Potter. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/63103488">63103488</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes+of+Baker+Street%3A+The+Life+of+the+World%27s+First+Consulting+Detective&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Clarkson+N.+Potter&amp;rft.date=1962&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F63103488&amp;rft.aulast=Baring-Gould&amp;rft.aufirst=William&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Blakeney, T. S. (1994). <i>Sherlock Holmes: Fact or Fiction?</i>. London: Prentice Hall &amp; IBD. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-883402-10-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-883402-10-7"><bdi>1-883402-10-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes%3A+Fact+or+Fiction%3F&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Prentice+Hall+%26+IBD&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=1-883402-10-7&amp;rft.aulast=Blakeney&amp;rft.aufirst=T.+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Bradley, Alan (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/msholmesofbakers00brad"><i>Ms Holmes of Baker Street: The Truth About Sherlock</i></a>. Alberta: University of Alberta Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88864-415-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-88864-415-9"><bdi>0-88864-415-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ms+Holmes+of+Baker+Street%3A+The+Truth+About+Sherlock&amp;rft.place=Alberta&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Alberta+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=0-88864-415-9&amp;rft.aulast=Bradley&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmsholmesofbakers00brad&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Campbell, Mark (2007). <i>Sherlock Holmes</i>. London: Pocket Essentials. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-12823-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-12823-7"><bdi>978-0-470-12823-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Pocket+Essentials&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-470-12823-7&amp;rft.aulast=Campbell&amp;rft.aufirst=Mark&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Dakin, David (1972). <i>A Sherlock Holmes Commentary</i>. Newton Abbot: David &amp; Charles. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7153-5493-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7153-5493-0"><bdi>0-7153-5493-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Sherlock+Holmes+Commentary&amp;rft.place=Newton+Abbot&amp;rft.pub=David+%26+Charles&amp;rft.date=1972&amp;rft.isbn=0-7153-5493-0&amp;rft.aulast=Dakin&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Duncan, Alistair (2008). <i>Eliminate the Impossible: An Examination of the World of Sherlock Holmes on Page and Screen</i>. London: MX Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904312-31-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904312-31-4"><bdi>978-1-904312-31-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Eliminate+the+Impossible%3A+An+Examination+of+the+World+of+Sherlock+Holmes+on+Page+and+Screen&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=MX+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-904312-31-4&amp;rft.aulast=Duncan&amp;rft.aufirst=Alistair&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Duncan, Alistair (2009). <i>Close to Holmes: A Look at the Connections Between Historical London, Sherlock Holmes and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle</i>. London: MX Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904312-50-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904312-50-5"><bdi>978-1-904312-50-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Close+to+Holmes%3A+A+Look+at+the+Connections+Between+Historical+London%2C+Sherlock+Holmes+and+Sir+Arthur+Conan+Doyle&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=MX+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-904312-50-5&amp;rft.aulast=Duncan&amp;rft.aufirst=Alistair&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Duncan, Alistair (2010). <i>The Norwood Author: Arthur Conan Doyle and the Norwood Years (1891–1894)</i>. London: MX Publishing. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904312-69-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904312-69-7"><bdi>978-1-904312-69-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Norwood+Author%3A+Arthur+Conan+Doyle+and+the+Norwood+Years+%281891%E2%80%931894%29&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=MX+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-904312-69-7&amp;rft.aulast=Duncan&amp;rft.aufirst=Alistair&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li>Fenoli Marc, Qui a tué Sherlock Holmes&#160;? [Who shot Sherlock Holmes&#160;?], Review L'Alpe 45, Glénat-Musée Dauphinois, Grenoble-France, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7234-6902-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7234-6902-9">978-2-7234-6902-9</a></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Green, Richard Lancelyn (1987). <i>The Sherlock Holmes Letters</i>. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87745-161-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-87745-161-3"><bdi>0-87745-161-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Sherlock+Holmes+Letters&amp;rft.place=Iowa+City&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Iowa+Press&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.isbn=0-87745-161-3&amp;rft.aulast=Green&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard+Lancelyn&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Hall, Trevor (1969). <i>Sherlock Holmes: Ten Literary Studies</i>. London: Duckworth. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7156-0469-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7156-0469-4"><bdi>0-7156-0469-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes%3A+Ten+Literary+Studies&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Duckworth&amp;rft.date=1969&amp;rft.isbn=0-7156-0469-4&amp;rft.aulast=Hall&amp;rft.aufirst=Trevor&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Hall, Trevor (1977). <i>Sherlock Holmes and his Creator</i>. New York: St Martin's Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-71719-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-71719-9"><bdi>0-312-71719-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes+and+his+Creator&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=St+Martin%27s+Press&amp;rft.date=1977&amp;rft.isbn=0-312-71719-9&amp;rft.aulast=Hall&amp;rft.aufirst=Trevor&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Hammer, David (1995). <i>The Before-Breakfast Pipe of Mr. Sherlock Holmes</i>. London: Wessex Pr. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-938501-21-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-938501-21-6"><bdi>0-938501-21-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Before-Breakfast+Pipe+of+Mr.+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Wessex+Pr.&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=0-938501-21-6&amp;rft.aulast=Hammer&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Harrison, Michael (1973). <i>The World of Sherlock Holmes</i>. London: Frederick Muller Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+World+of+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Frederick+Muller+Ltd.&amp;rft.date=1973&amp;rft.aulast=Harrison&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Jones, Kelvin (1987). <i>Sherlock Holmes and the Kent Railways</i>. Sittingborne, Kent: Meresborough Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-948193-25-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-948193-25-5"><bdi>0-948193-25-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes+and+the+Kent+Railways&amp;rft.place=Sittingborne%2C+Kent&amp;rft.pub=Meresborough+Books&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.isbn=0-948193-25-5&amp;rft.aulast=Jones&amp;rft.aufirst=Kelvin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Keating, H. R. F. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sherlockholmesma0000keat"><i>Sherlock Holmes: The Man and His World</i></a>. Edison, NJ: Castle. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7858-2112-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7858-2112-0"><bdi>0-7858-2112-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes%3A+The+Man+and+His+World&amp;rft.place=Edison%2C+NJ&amp;rft.pub=Castle&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=0-7858-2112-0&amp;rft.aulast=Keating&amp;rft.aufirst=H.+R.+F.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsherlockholmesma0000keat&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Kestner, Joseph (1997). <i>Sherlock's Men: Masculinity, Conan Doyle and Cultural History</i>. Farnham: Ashgate. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85928-394-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85928-394-2"><bdi>1-85928-394-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sherlock%27s+Men%3A+Masculinity%2C+Conan+Doyle+and+Cultural+History&amp;rft.place=Farnham&amp;rft.pub=Ashgate&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.isbn=1-85928-394-2&amp;rft.aulast=Kestner&amp;rft.aufirst=Joseph&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">King, Joseph A. (1996). <i>Sherlock Holmes: From Victorian Sleuth to Modern Hero</i>. Lanham, US: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8108-3180-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8108-3180-5"><bdi>0-8108-3180-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes%3A+From+Victorian+Sleuth+to+Modern+Hero&amp;rft.place=Lanham%2C+US&amp;rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=0-8108-3180-5&amp;rft.aulast=King&amp;rft.aufirst=Joseph+A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/Leslie_S._Klinger" title="Leslie S. Klinger">Klinger, Leslie</a> (1998). <i>The Sherlock Holmes Reference Library</i>. Indianapolis: Gasogene Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-938501-26-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-938501-26-7"><bdi>0-938501-26-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Sherlock+Holmes+Reference+Library&amp;rft.place=Indianapolis&amp;rft.pub=Gasogene+Books&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=0-938501-26-7&amp;rft.aulast=Klinger&amp;rft.aufirst=Leslie&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Knowles, Christopher (2007). <a href="/wiki/Our_Gods_Wear_Spandex:_The_Secret_History_of_Comic_Book_Heroes" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Gods Wear Spandex: The Secret History of Comic Book Heroes"><i>Our Gods Wear Spandex: The Secret History of Comic Book Heroes</i></a>. San Francisco: Weiser Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57863-406-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57863-406-4"><bdi>978-1-57863-406-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Our+Gods+Wear+Spandex%3A+The+Secret+History+of+Comic+Book+Heroes&amp;rft.place=San+Francisco&amp;rft.pub=Weiser+Books&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-57863-406-4&amp;rft.aulast=Knowles&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Lester, Paul (1992). <i>Sherlock Holmes in the Midlands</i>. Studley, Warwickshire: Brewin Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-947731-85-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-947731-85-7"><bdi>0-947731-85-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes+in+the+Midlands&amp;rft.place=Studley%2C+Warwickshire&amp;rft.pub=Brewin+Books&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.isbn=0-947731-85-7&amp;rft.aulast=Lester&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li>Lieboe, Eli. <i>Doctor Joe Bell: Model for Sherlock Holmes</i>. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green University Popular Press, 1982; Madison, Wisconsin: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin_Press" title="University of Wisconsin Press">University of Wisconsin Press</a>, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87972-198-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87972-198-5">978-0-87972-198-5</a></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Mitchelson, Austin (1994). <i>The Baker Street Irregular: Unauthorised Biography of Sherlock Holmes</i>. Romford: Ian Henry Publications Ltd. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8021-4325-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8021-4325-3"><bdi>0-8021-4325-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Baker+Street+Irregular%3A+Unauthorised+Biography+of+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.place=Romford&amp;rft.pub=Ian+Henry+Publications+Ltd&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=0-8021-4325-3&amp;rft.aulast=Mitchelson&amp;rft.aufirst=Austin&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Payne, David S. (1992). <i>Myth and Modern Man in Sherlock Holmes: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and the Uses of Nostalgia</i>. Bloomington, Ind: Gaslight's Publications. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-934468-29-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-934468-29-X"><bdi>0-934468-29-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Myth+and+Modern+Man+in+Sherlock+Holmes%3A+Sir+Arthur+Conan+Doyle+and+the+Uses+of+Nostalgia&amp;rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Ind&amp;rft.pub=Gaslight%27s+Publications&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.isbn=0-934468-29-X&amp;rft.aulast=Payne&amp;rft.aufirst=David+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Redmond, Christopher (1987). <i>In Bed with Sherlock Holmes: Sexual Elements in Conan Doyle's Stories</i>. London: Players Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8021-4325-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8021-4325-3"><bdi>0-8021-4325-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=In+Bed+with+Sherlock+Holmes%3A+Sexual+Elements+in+Conan+Doyle%27s+Stories&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Players+Press&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.isbn=0-8021-4325-3&amp;rft.aulast=Redmond&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Redmond, Donald (1983). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sherlockholmesst0000redm"><i>Sherlock Holmes: A Study in Sources</i></a></span>. Quebec: McGill-Queen's University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7735-0391-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7735-0391-9"><bdi>0-7735-0391-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes%3A+A+Study+in+Sources&amp;rft.place=Quebec&amp;rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.isbn=0-7735-0391-9&amp;rft.aulast=Redmond&amp;rft.aufirst=Donald&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsherlockholmesst0000redm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Rennison, Nick (2007). <i>Sherlock Holmes. The Unauthorized Biography</i>. London: Grove Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-4325-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-4325-9"><bdi>978-0-8021-4325-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes.+The+Unauthorized+Biography&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Grove+Press&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8021-4325-9&amp;rft.aulast=Rennison&amp;rft.aufirst=Nick&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Richards, Anthony John (1998). <i>Holmes, Chemistry and the Royal Institution: A Survey of the Scientific Works of Sherlock Holmes and His Relationship with the Royal Institution of Great Britain</i>. London: Irregulars Special Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7607-7156-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7607-7156-1"><bdi>0-7607-7156-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Holmes%2C+Chemistry+and+the+Royal+Institution%3A+A+Survey+of+the+Scientific+Works+of+Sherlock+Holmes+and+His+Relationship+with+the+Royal+Institution+of+Great+Britain&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Irregulars+Special+Press&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=0-7607-7156-1&amp;rft.aulast=Richards&amp;rft.aufirst=Anthony+John&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Riley, Dick (2005). <i>The Bedside Companion to Sherlock Holmes</i>. New York: Barnes &amp; Noble Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7607-7156-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7607-7156-1"><bdi>0-7607-7156-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Bedside+Companion+to+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Barnes+%26+Noble+Books&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=0-7607-7156-1&amp;rft.aulast=Riley&amp;rft.aufirst=Dick&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Riley, Peter (2005). <i>The Highways and Byways of Sherlock Holmes</i>. London: P.&amp;D. Riley. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-874712-78-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-874712-78-7"><bdi>978-1-874712-78-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Highways+and+Byways+of+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=P.%26D.+Riley&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-874712-78-7&amp;rft.aulast=Riley&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Roy, Pinaki (2008). <i>The Manichean Investigators: A Postcolonial and Cultural Rereading of the Sherlock Holmes and Byomkesh Bakshi Stories</i>. New Delhi: Sarup and Sons. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7625-849-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7625-849-4"><bdi>978-81-7625-849-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Manichean+Investigators%3A+A+Postcolonial+and+Cultural+Rereading+of+the+Sherlock+Holmes+and+Byomkesh+Bakshi+Stories&amp;rft.place=New+Delhi&amp;rft.pub=Sarup+and+Sons&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-81-7625-849-4&amp;rft.aulast=Roy&amp;rft.aufirst=Pinaki&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFSebeokUmiker-Sebeok1984" class="citation book">Sebeok, Thomas; Umiker-Sebeok, Jean (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/b_resources/abduction.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>You Know My Method': A Juxtaposition of Charles S. Peirce and Sherlock Holmes"</a>.  In <a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Eco, Umberto</a>; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sebeok" title="Thomas Sebeok">Sebeok, Thomas</a> (eds.). <i>The Sign of Three: Dupin, Holmes, Peirce</i>. Bloomington, IN: History Workshop, Indiana University Press. pp.&#160;11–54. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35235-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-35235-4"><bdi>978-0-253-35235-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/9412985">9412985</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=%27You+Know+My+Method%27%3A+A+Juxtaposition+of+Charles+S.+Peirce+and+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.btitle=The+Sign+of+Three%3A+Dupin%2C+Holmes%2C+Peirce&amp;rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&amp;rft.pages=11-54&amp;rft.pub=History+Workshop%2C+Indiana+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9412985&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-253-35235-4&amp;rft.aulast=Sebeok&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas&amp;rft.au=Umiker-Sebeok%2C+Jean&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visual-memory.co.uk%2Fb_resources%2Fabduction.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/> Previously published as chapter 2, pp.&#160;17–52 of <cite id="CITEREFSebeok1981" class="citation book">Sebeok, Thomas (1981). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/playofmusement0000sebe"><i>The Play of Musement</i></a></span>. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-39994-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-39994-6"><bdi>978-0-253-39994-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//lccn.loc.gov/80008846">80008846</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/7275523">7275523</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Play+of+Musement&amp;rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&amp;rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1981&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7275523&amp;rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F80008846&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-253-39994-6&amp;rft.aulast=Sebeok&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fplayofmusement0000sebe&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Shaw, John B. (1995). <i>Encyclopedia of Sherlock Holmes: A Complete Guide to the World of the Great Detective</i>. London: Pavilion Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85793-502-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85793-502-0"><bdi>1-85793-502-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Sherlock+Holmes%3A+A+Complete+Guide+to+the+World+of+the+Great+Detective&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Pavilion+Books&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=1-85793-502-0&amp;rft.aulast=Shaw&amp;rft.aufirst=John+B.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Smith, Daniel (2009). <i>The Sherlock Holmes Companion: An Elementary Guide</i>. London: Aurum Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84513-458-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84513-458-7"><bdi>978-1-84513-458-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Sherlock+Holmes+Companion%3A+An+Elementary+Guide&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Aurum+Press&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-84513-458-7&amp;rft.aulast=Smith&amp;rft.aufirst=Daniel&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Sova, Dawn B. (2001). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/edgarallanpoetoz0000sova"><i>Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z</i></a></span> (Paperback ed.). New York: Checkmark Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-4161-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-4161-X"><bdi>0-8160-4161-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Edgar+Allan+Poe%3A+A+to+Z&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.edition=Paperback&amp;rft.pub=Checkmark+Books&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=0-8160-4161-X&amp;rft.aulast=Sova&amp;rft.aufirst=Dawn+B.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fedgarallanpoetoz0000sova&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Starrett, Vincent (1993). <i>The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes</i>. London: Prentice Hall &amp; IBD. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-883402-05-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-883402-05-1"><bdi>978-1-883402-05-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Private+Life+of+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Prentice+Hall+%26+IBD&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-883402-05-1&amp;rft.aulast=Starrett&amp;rft.aufirst=Vincent&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Tracy, Jack (1988). <i>The Sherlock Holmes Encyclopedia: Universal Dictionary of Sherlock Holmes</i>. London: Crescent Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-65444-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-65444-X"><bdi>0-517-65444-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Sherlock+Holmes+Encyclopedia%3A+Universal+Dictionary+of+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Crescent+Books&amp;rft.date=1988&amp;rft.isbn=0-517-65444-X&amp;rft.aulast=Tracy&amp;rft.aufirst=Jack&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Tracy, Jack (1996). <i>Subcutaneously, My Dear Watson: Sherlock Holmes and the Cocaine Habit</i>. Bloomington, Ind.: Gaslight Publications. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-934468-25-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-934468-25-7"><bdi>0-934468-25-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Subcutaneously%2C+My+Dear+Watson%3A+Sherlock+Holmes+and+the+Cocaine+Habit&amp;rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Ind.&amp;rft.pub=Gaslight+Publications&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=0-934468-25-7&amp;rft.aulast=Tracy&amp;rft.aufirst=Jack&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Wagner, E. J. (2007). <i>La Scienza di Sherlock Holmes</i>. Torino: Bollati Boringheri. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-12823-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-12823-7"><bdi>978-0-470-12823-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=La+Scienza+di+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.place=Torino&amp;rft.pub=Bollati+Boringheri&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-470-12823-7&amp;rft.aulast=Wagner&amp;rft.aufirst=E.+J.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Weller, Philip (1993). <i>The Life and Times of Sherlock Holmes</i>. Simsbury: Bracken Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85891-106-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85891-106-0"><bdi>1-85891-106-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Times+of+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.place=Simsbury&amp;rft.pub=Bracken+Books&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.isbn=1-85891-106-0&amp;rft.aulast=Weller&amp;rft.aufirst=Philip&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation book">Wexler, Bruce (2008). <i>The Mysterious World of Sherlock Holmes</i>. London: Running Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7624-3252-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7624-3252-3"><bdi>978-0-7624-3252-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Mysterious+World+of+Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Running+Press&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7624-3252-3&amp;rft.aulast=Wexler&amp;rft.aufirst=Bruce&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/></li></ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2>
<div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="metadata plainlinks sistersitebox plainlist mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; padding:0; background:#f9f9f9;"><div style="padding: 0.75em 0; text-align: center;"><b style="display:block;">Sherlock Holmes</b>at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div><ul style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; padding: 0.75em 0; width:217px; margin:0 auto;"><li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sherlock_Holmes" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Sherlock Holmes">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span>
            </li><li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sherlock_Holmes" class="extiw" title="c:Special:Search/Sherlock Holmes">Media</a> from Wikimedia Commons</span>
            </li><li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Sherlock_Holmes" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Sherlock Holmes">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span>
            </li><li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Arthur_Conan_Doyle/Sherlock_Holmes" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Arthur Conan Doyle/Sherlock Holmes">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span>
            </li><li style="min-height: 31px;"><span style="display: inline-block; width: 31px; line-height: 31px; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" style="vertical-align: middle" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span><span style="display: inline-block; margin-left: 4px; width: 182px; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4653" class="extiw" title="d:Q4653">Data</a> from Wikidata</span>
            </li></ul>
</div>
<table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:auto;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;text-align:left;"><tbody><tr><td style="padding-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Sherlock Holmes</b> <hr /></td></tr><tr><td class="plainlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<ul><li><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&amp;su=Sherlock+Holmes&amp;library=OLBP">Online books</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&amp;su=Sherlock+Holmes">Resources in your library</a></li>
<li><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/ftl/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&amp;su=Sherlock+Holmes&amp;library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul></td>
</tr></tbody></table>
<ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/SherlockHolmes_201702">"Sherlock Holmes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Sherlock+Holmes&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FSherlockHolmes_201702&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASherlock+Holmes" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r935243608"/> at <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openplaques.org/people/2196">Sherlock Holmes plaques</a> on openplaques.org</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dickens.stanford.edu/sherlockholmes/index.html">Discovering Sherlock Holmes</a> at Stanford University</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/holmes.html">Chess and Sherlock Holmes</a> essay by <a href="/wiki/Edward_Winter_(chess_historian)" title="Edward Winter (chess historian)">Edward Winter</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704240504574585840677394758">"The Burden of Holmes"</a> – 23.12.09 article in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/author/d/doyle.html">Sir Arthur Conan Doyle audio books</a> by Lit2Go from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Florida" title="University of South Florida">University of South Florida</a></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arthur_Conan_Doyle&amp;#039;s_Sherlock_Holmes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sherlock_Holmes" title="Template:Sherlock Holmes"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sherlock_Holmes" title="Template talk:Sherlock Holmes"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Sherlock_Holmes&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arthur_Conan_Doyle&amp;#039;s_Sherlock_Holmes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a>'s <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sherlock Holmes</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div id="*_Canon&amp;#10;*_Adaptations&amp;#10;*_Popular_culture">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canon_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Canon of Sherlock Holmes">Canon</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes">Adaptations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Popular_culture_references_to_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Popular culture references to Sherlock Holmes">Popular culture</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet" title="A Study in Scarlet">A Study in Scarlet</a></i> (1887)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_the_Four" title="The Sign of the Four">The Sign of the Four</a></i> (1890)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a></i> (1902)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Valley_of_Fear" title="The Valley of Fear">The Valley of Fear</a></i> (1915)</li></ul>
</div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Gree-01.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Gree-01.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Gree-01.jpg/120px-Gree-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="128" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Gree-01.jpg/180px-Gree-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Gree-01.jpg/240px-Gree-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="777" data-file-height="826" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Story collections</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes">The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1892)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Memoirs_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes">The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1894)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Return of Sherlock Holmes">The Return of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1905)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/His_Last_Bow" title="His Last Bow">His Last Bow</a></i> (1917)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case-Book_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes">The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1927)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sherlock Holmes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Watson" title="Dr. Watson">Dr. Watson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Professor_Moriarty" title="Professor Moriarty">Professor Moriarty</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Moran" title="Sebastian Moran">Sebastian Moran</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Irene_Adler" title="Irene Adler">Irene Adler</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Inspector_Lestrade" title="Inspector Lestrade">Inspector Lestrade</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mycroft_Holmes" title="Mycroft Holmes">Mycroft Holmes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Baker_Street_Irregulars" title="Baker Street Irregulars">Baker Street Irregulars</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Minor_Sherlock_Holmes_characters" title="Minor Sherlock Holmes characters">Minor characters</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uncollected stories</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Field_Bazaar" title="The Field Bazaar">The Field Bazaar</a>" (1896)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_the_Lost_Special" title="The Story of the Lost Special">The Story of the Lost Special</a>" (1898)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/How_Watson_Learned_the_Trick" title="How Watson Learned the Trick">How Watson Learned the Trick</a>" (1924)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_time_and_places_in_cases_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="List of time and places in cases of Sherlock Holmes">List of cases</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_detectives,_constables,_and_agents_in_Sherlock_Holmes" title="List of detectives, constables, and agents in Sherlock Holmes">List of investigators</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universe</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/221B_Baker_Street" title="221B Baker Street">221B Baker Street</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Baritsu" title="Baritsu">Baritsu</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Diogenes_Club" title="Diogenes Club">Diogenes Club</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dynamics_of_an_Asteroid" title="The Dynamics of an Asteroid">The Dynamics of an Asteroid</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Treatise_on_the_Binomial_Theorem" title="A Treatise on the Binomial Theorem">A Treatise on the Binomial Theorem</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Private_Life_of_Sherlock_Holmes_(book)" title="The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (book)">The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Annotated_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes">The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/From_Holmes_to_Sherlock" title="From Holmes to Sherlock">From Holmes to Sherlock</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_fandom" title="Sherlock Holmes fandom">Sherlock Holmes fandom</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sherlockian_game" title="Sherlockian game">Sherlockian game</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sherlockiana" title="Sherlockiana">Sherlockiana</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_pastiches" title="Sherlock Holmes pastiches">Sherlock Holmes pastiches</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Museum" title="Sherlock Holmes Museum">Sherlock Holmes Museum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Sherlock Holmes">The Sherlock Holmes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Baker_Street_Irregulars" title="The Baker Street Irregulars">The Baker Street Irregulars</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Baker_Street_Journal" title="The Baker Street Journal">The Baker Street Journal</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Bootmakers_of_Toronto" title="The Bootmakers of Toronto">The Bootmakers of Toronto</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Holmesian_studies" title="List of Holmesian studies">Holmesian studies</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Strand_Magazine" title="The Strand Magazine">The Strand Magazine</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Naked_Is_the_Best_Disguise" title="Naked Is the Best Disguise">Naked Is the Best Disguise</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Undershaw" title="Undershaw">Undershaw</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Detective_(book)" title="The Great Detective (book)">The Great Detective: The Amazing Rise and Immortal Life of Sherlock Holmes</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/16px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/24px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg/32px-Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="31" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Sherlock_Holmes" title="Category:Sherlock Holmes">Category</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Screen_adaptations_of_Sherlock_Holmes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sherlock_Holmes_screen_adaptations" title="Template:Sherlock Holmes screen adaptations"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sherlock_Holmes_screen_adaptations" title="Template talk:Sherlock Holmes screen adaptations"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Sherlock_Holmes_screen_adaptations&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Screen_adaptations_of_Sherlock_Holmes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Screen adaptations of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sherlock Holmes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Silent films</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Baffled" title="Sherlock Holmes Baffled">Sherlock Holmes Baffled</a></i> (1900)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes;_or,_Held_for_Ransom" title="Adventures of Sherlock Holmes; or, Held for Ransom">Adventures of Sherlock Holmes; or, Held for Ransom</a></i> (1905)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_in_the_Great_Murder_Mystery" title="Sherlock Holmes in the Great Murder Mystery">Sherlock Holmes in the Great Murder Mystery</a></i> (1908)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin_contra_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Arsène Lupin contra Sherlock Holmes">Arsène Lupin contra Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1910)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Der_Hund_von_Baskerville" title="Der Hund von Baskerville">Der Hund von Baskerville</a></i> (1914)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Detektiv_Braun" title="Detektiv Braun">Detektiv Braun</a></i> (1914)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet_(1914_British_film)" title="A Study in Scarlet (1914 British film)">A Study in Scarlet</a></i> (1914 British film)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet_(1914_American_film)" title="A Study in Scarlet (1914 American film)">A Study in Scarlet</a></i> (1914 US film)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Valley_of_Fear_(film)" title="The Valley of Fear (film)">The Valley of Fear</a></i> (1916)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1916_film)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1916 film)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1916)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1922_film)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1922 film)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1922)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1929_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1929 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a></i> (1929)</li></ul>
  </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(%C3%89clair_film_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (Éclair film series)">Éclair film series</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>The Speckled Band</i> (1912)</li>
<li><i>Silver Blaze</i> (1912)</li>
<li><i>The Beryl Coronet</i> (1912)</li>
<li><i>The Musgrave Ritual</i> (1913)</li>
<li><i>The Reigate Squires</i> (1913)</li>
<li><i>The Stolen Papers</i> (1913)</li>
<li><i>The Mystery of the Boscombe Valley</i> (1913)</li>
<li><i>The Copper Beeches</i> (1913)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(Stoll_film_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (Stoll film series)">Stoll series</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dying_Detective_(film)" title="The Dying Detective (film)">The Dying Detective</a></i> (1921)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Devil%27s_Foot_(film)" title="The Devil&#39;s Foot (film)">The Devil's Foot</a></i> (1921)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_the_Twisted_Lip_(film)" title="The Man with the Twisted Lip (film)">The Man with the Twisted Lip</a></i> (1921)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1921_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1921 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a></i> (1921)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_Four_(1923_film)" title="The Sign of Four (1923 film)">The Sign of Four</a></i> (1923)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1931_film_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1931 film series)">Wontner series</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sleeping_Cardinal" title="The Sleeping Cardinal">The Sleeping Cardinal</a></i> (1931)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Missing_Rembrandt" title="The Missing Rembrandt">The Missing Rembrandt</a></i> (1932, <a href="/wiki/List_of_lost_films" title="List of lost films">lost</a>)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_Four_(1932_film)" title="The Sign of Four (1932 film)">The Sign of Four</a></i> (1932)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Triumph_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Triumph of Sherlock Holmes">The Triumph of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1935)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Silver_Blaze_(1937_film)" title="Silver Blaze (1937 film)">Silver Blaze</a></i> (1937)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1939_film_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1939 film series)">Rathbone–Bruce <br /> series</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1939_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1939 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a></i> (1939)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes_(film)" title="The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (film)">The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1939)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Voice_of_Terror" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror">Voice of Terror</a></i> (1942)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Secret_Weapon" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Secret Weapon">Secret Weapon</a></i> (1942)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_in_Washington" title="Sherlock Holmes in Washington">Sherlock Holmes in Washington</a></i> (1943)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Faces_Death" title="Sherlock Holmes Faces Death">Sherlock Holmes Faces Death</a></i> (1943)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spider_Woman" title="The Spider Woman">The Spider Woman</a></i> (1944)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Scarlet_Claw" title="The Scarlet Claw">The Scarlet Claw</a></i> (1944)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pearl_of_Death" title="The Pearl of Death">The Pearl of Death</a></i> (1944)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_House_of_Fear_(1945_film)" title="The House of Fear (1945 film)">The House of Fear</a></i> (1945)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Woman_in_Green" title="The Woman in Green">The Woman in Green</a></i> (1945)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Pursuit_to_Algiers" title="Pursuit to Algiers">Pursuit to Algiers</a></i> (1945)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Terror_by_Night" title="Terror by Night">Terror by Night</a></i> (1946)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Dressed_to_Kill_(1946_film)" title="Dressed to Kill (1946 film)">Dressed to Kill</a></i> (1946)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By actor</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clive Brook</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Sherlock_Holmes_(1929_film)" title="The Return of Sherlock Holmes (1929 film)">The Return of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1929)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1932_film)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1932 film)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1932)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peter Cushing</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1959_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1959 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a></i> (1959)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Masks_of_Death" title="The Masks of Death">The Masks of Death</a></i> (1984) (TV)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christopher Plummer</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Silver_Blaze_(1977_film)" title="Silver Blaze (1977 film)">Silver Blaze</a></i> (1977) (TV)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Murder_by_Decree" title="Murder by Decree">Murder by Decree</a></i> (1979)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Christopher Lee</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Deadly_Necklace" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Deadly Necklace">The Deadly Necklace</a></i> (1962)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Leading_Lady" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Leading Lady">The Leading Lady</a></i> (1991) (TV)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Incident_at_Victoria_Falls" title="Incident at Victoria Falls">Incident at Victoria Falls</a></i> (1991) (TV)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Robert Downey Jr.</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(2009_film)" title="Sherlock Holmes (2009 film)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (2009)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_A_Game_of_Shadows" title="Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows">A Game of Shadows</a></i> (2011)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Speckled_Band_(1931_film)" title="The Speckled Band (1931 film)">The Speckled Band</a></i> (1931)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1932_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1932 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a></i> (1932)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet_(1933_film)" title="A Study in Scarlet (1933 film)">A Study in Scarlet</a></i> (1933)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1937_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1937 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a></i> (1937)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Holmes" title="Mr. Holmes">Mr. Holmes</a></i> (2015)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Enola_Holmes_(film)" title="Enola Holmes (film)">Enola Holmes</a></i> (2020)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television films</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ian Richardson</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_Four_(1983_film)" title="The Sign of Four (1983 film)">The Sign of Four</a></i> (1983)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1983_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1983 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a></i> (1983)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peter O'Toole<br /> (animated)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>Sherlock Holmes and a Study in Scarlet</i> (1983)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Baskerville_Curse" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Baskerville Curse">Sherlock Holmes and the Baskerville Curse</a></i> (1983)</li>
<li><i>Sherlock Holmes and the Sign of Four</i> (1983)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Valley_of_Fear" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Valley of Fear">Sherlock Holmes and the Valley of Fear</a></i> (1983)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes_and_Dr._Watson" title="The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson">Vasily Livanov  <br /> series</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_Dr._Watson" title="Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson">Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson</a></i> (1979)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes_and_Dr._Watson_(film)" title="The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson (film)">The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson</a></i> (1980)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1981_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1981 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a></i> (1981)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Treasures_of_Agra" title="The Treasures of Agra">The Treasures of Agra</a></i> (1983)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Twentieth_Century_Approaches" title="The Twentieth Century Approaches">The Twentieth Century Approaches</a></i> (1986)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Matt Frewer</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(2000_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (2000 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a></i> (2000)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_Four_(2001_film)" title="The Sign of Four (2001 film)">The Sign of Four</a></i> (2001)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case_of_the_Whitechapel_Vampire" title="The Case of the Whitechapel Vampire">The Case of the Whitechapel Vampire</a></i> (2002)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Scandal" title="The Royal Scandal">The Royal Scandal</a></i> (2003)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ian Hart<br /> (as Watson)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(2002_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (2002 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a></i> (2002)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Case_of_the_Silk_Stocking" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Case of the Silk Stocking">The Case of the Silk Stocking</a></i> (2004)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other films</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Garridebs" title="The Three Garridebs">The Three Garridebs</a></i> (1937)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Disappeared_(1951_film)" title="The Man Who Disappeared (1951 film)">The Man Who Disappeared</a></i> (1951)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1972_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1972 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a></i> (1972)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Longing_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Longing of Sherlock Holmes">The Longing of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1972)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_in_New_York" title="Sherlock Holmes in New York">Sherlock Holmes in New York</a></i> (1976)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(TV_serial)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (TV serial)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a></i> (1982)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Sherlock_Holmes_(1987_film)" title="The Return of Sherlock Holmes (1987 film)">The Return of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1987)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Hands_of_a_Murderer" title="Hands of a Murderer">Hands of a Murderer</a></i> (1990)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crucifer_of_Blood" title="The Crucifer of Blood">The Crucifer of Blood</a></i> (1991)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/1994_Baker_Street:_Sherlock_Holmes_Returns" title="1994 Baker Street: Sherlock Holmes Returns">1994 Baker Street: Sherlock Holmes Returns</a></i> (1993)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_London" title="The Hound of London">The Hound of London</a></i> (1993)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock:_Case_of_Evil" title="Sherlock: Case of Evil">Sherlock: Case of Evil</a></i> (2002)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Baker_Street_Irregulars" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Baker Street Irregulars">Sherlock Holmes and the Baker Street Irregulars</a></i> (2007)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comedies, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_pastiches" title="Sherlock Holmes pastiches">pastiches</a>, <br /> and parodies</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mystery_of_the_Leaping_Fish" title="The Mystery of the Leaping Fish">The Mystery of the Leaping Fish</a></i> (1916)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Limejuice_Mystery_or_Who_Spat_in_Grandfather%27s_Porridge%3F" title="The Limejuice Mystery or Who Spat in Grandfather&#39;s Porridge?">The Limejuice Mystery or Who Spat in Grandfather's Porridge?</a></i> (1930)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Lel%C3%AD%C4%8Dek_ve_slu%C5%BEb%C3%A1ch_Sherlocka_Holmese" title="Lelíček ve službách Sherlocka Holmese">Lelíček ve službách Sherlocka Holmese</a></i> (1932)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Was_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Man Who Was Sherlock Holmes">The Man Who Was Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1937)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Grey_Lady_(film)" title="The Grey Lady (film)">The Grey Lady</a></i> (1937)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Deduce,_You_Say!" title="Deduce, You Say!">Deduce, You Say!</a></i> (1956)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Terror" title="A Study in Terror">A Study in Terror</a></i> (1965)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Private_Life_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes">The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1970)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/They_Might_Be_Giants_(film)" title="They Might Be Giants (film)">They Might Be Giants</a></i> (1971)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Watson_and_the_Darkwater_Hall_Mystery" title="Doctor Watson and the Darkwater Hall Mystery">Doctor Watson and the Darkwater Hall Mystery</a></i> (1974)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Sherlock_Holmes%27_Smarter_Brother" title="The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes&#39; Smarter Brother">The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes' Smarter Brother</a></i> (1975)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_World%27s_Greatest_Detective" title="The Return of the World&#39;s Greatest Detective">The Return of the World's Greatest Detective</a></i> (1976)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Pink" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherlock Pink">Sherlock Pink</a></i> (1976)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seven-Per-Cent_Solution_(film)" title="The Seven-Per-Cent Solution (film)">The Seven-Per-Cent Solution</a></i> (1976)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Strange_Case_of_the_End_of_Civilization_as_We_Know_It" title="The Strange Case of the End of Civilization as We Know It">The Strange Case of the End of Civilization as We Know It</a></i> (1977)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles_(1978_film)" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles (1978 film)">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a></i> (1978)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case_of_Marcel_Duchamp" title="The Case of Marcel Duchamp">The Case of Marcel Duchamp</a></i> (1984)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Young Sherlock Holmes">Young Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1985)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Mouse_Detective" title="The Great Mouse Detective">The Great Mouse Detective</a></i> (1986)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Without_a_Clue" title="Without a Clue">Without a Clue</a></i> (1988)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Shirley_Holmes" title="The Adventures of Shirley Holmes">The Adventures of Shirley Holmes</a></i> (1997–2000)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Zero_Effect" title="Zero Effect">Zero Effect</a></i> (1998)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Samba_for_Sherlock" title="A Samba for Sherlock">A Samba for Sherlock</a></i> (2001)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sheerluck_Holmes_and_the_Golden_Ruler" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheerluck Holmes and the Golden Ruler">Sheerluck Holmes and the Golden Ruler</a></i> (2006)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Tantei_Opera_Milky_Holmes" title="Tantei Opera Milky Holmes">Tantei Opera Milky Holmes</a></i> (2010–16)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(2010_film)" title="Sherlock Holmes (2010 film)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (2010)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Tom_and_Jerry_Meet_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Tom and Jerry Meet Sherlock Holmes">Tom and Jerry Meet Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (2010)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Aria_the_Scarlet_Ammo" title="Aria the Scarlet Ammo">Aria the Scarlet Ammo</a></i> (2011)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Holmes_%26_Watson._Madrid_Days" title="Holmes &amp; Watson. Madrid Days">Holmes &amp; Watson. Madrid Days</a></i> (2012)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_of_Corpses" title="The Empire of Corpses">The Empire of Corpses</a></i> (2015)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Gnomes" title="Sherlock Gnomes">Sherlock Gnomes</a></i> (2018)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Holmes_%26_Watson" title="Holmes &amp; Watson">Holmes &amp; Watson</a></i> (2018)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television <br /> series</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1951_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1951 TV series)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1951)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1954_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1954 TV series)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1954)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1965_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1965 TV series)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1965–68)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1967_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1967 TV series)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1967–68)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1968_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1968 TV series)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1968)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_Doctor_Watson" title="Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson">Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson</a></i> (1979–80)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Sherlock:_The_Mystery_of_the_Manor_House" title="Young Sherlock: The Mystery of the Manor House">Young Sherlock: The Mystery of the Manor House</a></i> (1982)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Baker_Street_Boys" title="The Baker Street Boys">The Baker Street Boys</a></i> (1983)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Hound" title="Sherlock Hound">Sherlock Hound</a></i> (1984–85)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(1984_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1984–94)
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sherlock_Holmes_episodes" title="List of Sherlock Holmes episodes">episodes</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_in_the_22nd_Century" title="Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century">Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century</a></i> (1999–2001)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_(TV_series)" title="Sherlock (TV series)">Sherlock</a></i> (2010–present)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Elementary_(TV_series)" title="Elementary (TV series)">Elementary</a></i> (2012–19)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(2013_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (2013 TV series)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (2013)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(2014_TV_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (2014 TV series)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (2014–15)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Miss_Sherlock" title="Miss Sherlock">Miss Sherlock</a></i> (2018)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Case_File_n%C2%BA221:_Kabukicho" title="Case File nº221: Kabukicho">Case File nº221: Kabukicho</a></i> (2019–20)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_in_Russia" title="Sherlock Holmes in Russia">Sherlock Holmes in Russia</a></i> (2020)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Irregulars" title="The Irregulars">The Irregulars</a></i> (2020)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_who_have_played_Sherlock_Holmes" title="List of actors who have played Sherlock Holmes">List of actors who have played Sherlock Holmes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_who_have_played_Dr._Watson" title="List of actors who have played Dr. Watson">List of actors who have played Dr. Watson</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_who_have_played_Inspector_Lestrade" title="List of actors who have played Inspector Lestrade">List of actors who have played Inspector Lestrade</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_actresses_who_have_played_Irene_Adler" title="List of actresses who have played Irene Adler">List of actresses who have played Irene Adler</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_who_have_played_Mycroft_Holmes" title="List of actors who have played Mycroft Holmes">List of actors who have played Mycroft Holmes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_actors_who_have_played_Professor_Moriarty" title="List of actors who have played Professor Moriarty">List of actors who have played Professor Moriarty</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Minor_Sherlock_Holmes_characters" title="Minor Sherlock Holmes characters">Minor Sherlock Holmes characters</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sherlock_Holmes_franchise_media" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sherlock_Holmes_other_media" title="Template:Sherlock Holmes other media"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sherlock_Holmes_other_media" title="Template talk:Sherlock Holmes other media"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Sherlock_Holmes_other_media&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sherlock_Holmes_franchise_media" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> franchise media</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Authors"><a href="/wiki/List_of_authors_of_new_Sherlock_Holmes_stories" title="List of authors of new Sherlock Holmes stories">Authors</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(play)" title="Sherlock Holmes (play)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1899 play)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Burglar_and_the_Lady" title="The Burglar and the Lady">The Burglar and the Lady</a></i> (1905 play)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Speckled_Band_(play)" title="The Speckled Band (play)">The Speckled Band</a></i> (1910 play)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Sherlock_Holmes_(play)" title="The Return of Sherlock Holmes (play)">The Return of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1923 play)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Baker_Street_(musical)" title="Baker Street (musical)">Baker Street</a></i> (1965 musical)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Musical" title="Sherlock Holmes: The Musical">Sherlock Holmes: The Musical</a></i> (1988 musical)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Baskerville:_A_Sherlock_Holmes_Mystery" title="Baskerville: A Sherlock Holmes Mystery">Baskerville: A Sherlock Holmes Mystery</a></i> (2015 play)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes_(radio_series)" title="The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (radio series)">The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1930-1935)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes">The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1939-1947)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BBC_Radio_Sherlock_Holmes_dramatisations" title="List of BBC Radio Sherlock Holmes dramatisations">BBC Radio</a> (1989-1998)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Newly_Discovered_Casebook_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Newly Discovered Casebook of Sherlock Holmes">The Newly Discovered Casebook of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1999)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Further_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes">The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (2002-2010)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Tiger_of_San_Pedro" title="The Tiger of San Pedro">The Tiger of San Pedro</a>"</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_the_Giant_Rat_of_Sumatra" title="The Tale of the Giant Rat of Sumatra">The Tale of the Giant Rat of Sumatra</a></i> (1974 parody album)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(soundtrack)" title="Sherlock Holmes (soundtrack)">Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (2009 soundtrack)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_A_Game_of_Shadows_(soundtrack)" title="Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows (soundtrack)">Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows</a></i> (2011 soundtrack)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Sherlock_Holmes,_London" title="Statue of Sherlock Holmes, London">Statue in London</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comics</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Baker_Street_(comics)" title="Baker Street (comics)">Baker Street</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Undead" title="Victorian Undead">Victorian Undead</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/221B_Baker_Street_(board_game)" title="221B Baker Street (board game)">221B Baker Street</a></i> (board game)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_Consulting_Detective_(gamebook)" title="Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective (gamebook)">Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective</a></i> (gamebook)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pastiches_of_Sherlock_Holmes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sherlock_Holmes_by_others" title="Template:Sherlock Holmes by others"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sherlock_Holmes_by_others" title="Template talk:Sherlock Holmes by others"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Sherlock_Holmes_by_others&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pastiches_of_Sherlock_Holmes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_authors_of_new_Sherlock_Holmes_stories" title="List of authors of new Sherlock Holmes stories">Pastiches</a> of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sherlock Holmes</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Exploits_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes">The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes</a></i><br />by <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Conan_Doyle" title="Adrian Conan Doyle">Adrian Conan Doyle</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/John_Dickson_Carr" title="John Dickson Carr">John Dickson Carr</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Seven_Clocks" title="The Adventure of the Seven Clocks">The Adventure of the Seven Clocks</a>" (1954)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Gold_Hunter" title="The Adventure of the Gold Hunter">The Adventure of the Gold Hunter</a>" (1954)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Wax_Gamblers" title="The Adventure of the Wax Gamblers">The Adventure of the Wax Gamblers</a>" (1954)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Highgate_Miracle" title="The Adventure of the Highgate Miracle">The Adventure of the Highgate Miracle</a>" (1954)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Black_Baronet" title="The Adventure of the Black Baronet">The Adventure of the Black Baronet</a>" (1954)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Sealed_Room" title="The Adventure of the Sealed Room">The Adventure of the Sealed Room</a>" (1954</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_Foulkes_Rath" title="The Adventure of Foulkes Rath">The Adventure of Foulkes Rath</a>" (1954)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Abbas_Ruby" title="The Adventure of the Abbas Ruby">The Adventure of the Abbas Ruby</a>" (1954)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Dark_Angels" title="The Adventure of the Dark Angels">The Adventure of the Dark Angels</a>" (1954)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Two_Women" title="The Adventure of the Two Women">The Adventure of the Two Women</a>" (1954)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Deptford_Horror" title="The Adventure of the Deptford Horror">The Adventure of the Deptford Horror</a>" (1954)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Red_Widow" title="The Adventure of the Red Widow">The Adventure of the Red Widow</a>" (1954)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Meyer" title="Nicholas Meyer">Nicholas Meyer</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seven-Per-Cent_Solution" title="The Seven-Per-Cent Solution">The Seven-Per-Cent Solution</a></i> (1974)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_West_End_Horror" title="The West End Horror">The West End Horror</a></i> (1976)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Canary_Trainer" title="The Canary Trainer">The Canary Trainer</a></i> (1993)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Peculiar_Protocols" title="The Adventure of the Peculiar Protocols">The Adventure of the Peculiar Protocols</a></i> (2019)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Loren_D._Estleman" title="Loren D. Estleman">Loren D. Estleman</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_vs._Dracula" title="Sherlock Holmes vs. Dracula">Sherlock Holmes vs. Dracula</a></i> (1978)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Dr._Jekyll_and_Mr._Holmes" title="Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Holmes">Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Holmes</a></i> (1979)</li>
<li><i>The Perils of Sherlock Holmes</i> (2012)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hardwick" title="Michael Hardwick">Michael Hardwick</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Prisoner_of_the_Devil" title="The Prisoner of the Devil">The Prisoner of the Devil</a></i> (1979)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Revenge_of_the_Hound" title="The Revenge of the Hound">The Revenge of the Hound</a></i> (1987)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/David_Stuart_Davies" title="David Stuart Davies">David Stuart Davies</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>Sherlock Holmes and the Hentzau Affair</i> (1991)</li>
<li><i>The Tangled Skein</i> (1995)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Scroll_of_the_Dead" title="The Scroll of the Dead">The Scroll of the Dead</a></i> (1998)</li>
<li><i>Shadow of the Rat</i> (1999)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Veiled_Detective" title="The Veiled Detective">The Veiled Detective</a></i> (2004)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Devil%27s_Promise" title="The Devil&#39;s Promise">The Devil's Promise</a></i> (2014)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ripper_Legacy" title="The Ripper Legacy">The Ripper Legacy</a></i> (2016)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Barrie_Roberts" title="Barrie Roberts">Barrie Roberts</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Railway_Maniac" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Railway Maniac">Sherlock Holmes and the Railway Maniac</a></i> (1994)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Man_from_Hell" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Man from Hell">Sherlock Holmes and the Man from Hell</a></i> (1997)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Russell_(character)" title="Mary Russell (character)">Mary Russell</a> series<br />by <a href="/wiki/Laurie_R._King" title="Laurie R. King">Laurie R. King</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beekeeper%27s_Apprentice" title="The Beekeeper&#39;s Apprentice">The Beekeeper's Apprentice</a></i> (1994)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Monstrous_Regiment_of_Women" title="A Monstrous Regiment of Women">A Monstrous Regiment of Women</a></i> (1995)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Letter_of_Mary" title="A Letter of Mary">A Letter of Mary</a></i> (1997)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Moor_(novel)" title="The Moor (novel)">The Moor</a></i> (1998)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/O_Jerusalem_(novel)" title="O Jerusalem (novel)">O Jerusalem</a></i> (1999)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Justice_Hall" title="Justice Hall">Justice Hall</a></i> (2002)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Game_(King_novel)" title="The Game (King novel)">The Game</a></i> (2004)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Locked_Rooms" title="Locked Rooms">Locked Rooms</a></i> (2005)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Language_of_Bees" title="The Language of Bees">The Language of Bees</a></i> (2009)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_God_of_the_Hive" title="The God of the Hive">The God of the Hive</a></i> (2010)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Pirate_King_(novel)" title="Pirate King (novel)">Pirate King</a></i> (2011)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Garment_of_Shadows" title="Garment of Shadows">Garment of Shadows</a></i> (2012)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Dreaming_Spies" title="Dreaming Spies">Dreaming Spies</a></i> (2015)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Murder_of_Mary_Russell" title="The Murder of Mary Russell">The Murder of Mary Russell</a></i> (2016)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Island_of_the_Mad" title="Island of the Mad">Island of the Mad</a></i> (2018)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Serrell_Thomas" title="Donald Serrell Thomas">Donald Serrell Thomas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>The Secret Cases of Sherlock Holmes</i> (1997)</li>
<li><i>Sherlock Holmes and the Running Noose</i> (2001)</li>
<li><i>The Execution of Sherlock Holmes</i> (2007)</li>
<li><i>Sherlock Holmes and the King's Evil</i> (2009)</li>
<li><i>Sherlock Holmes and the Ghosts of Bly</i> (2010)</li>
<li><i>The Lost Casebooks of Sherlock Holmes</i> (2012)</li>
<li><i>Death on a Pale Horse: Sherlock Holmes on Her Majesty's Secret Service</i> (2013)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Lyndsay_Faye" title="Lyndsay Faye">Lyndsay Faye</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dust_and_Shadow" title="Dust and Shadow">Dust and Shadow: An Account of the Ripper Killings by Dr. John H. Watson</a></i> (2009)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Whole_Art_of_Detection:_Lost_Mysteries_of_Sherlock_Holmes" class="mw-redirect" title="The Whole Art of Detection: Lost Mysteries of Sherlock Holmes">The Whole Art of Detection: Lost Mysteries of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (2017)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Sherlock_Holmes_(books)" title="Young Sherlock Holmes (books)">Young Sherlock Holmes</a></i><br />by <a href="/wiki/Andy_Lane" title="Andy Lane">Andy Lane</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Sherlock_Holmes:_Death_Cloud" title="Young Sherlock Holmes: Death Cloud">Death Cloud</a></i> (2010)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Sherlock_Holmes:_Red_Leech" title="Young Sherlock Holmes: Red Leech">Red Leech</a></i> (2010)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Sherlock_Holmes:_Black_Ice" title="Young Sherlock Holmes: Black Ice">Black Ice</a></i> (2011)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Sherlock_Holmes:_Fire_Storm" title="Young Sherlock Holmes: Fire Storm">Fire Storm</a></i> (2011)</li>
<li><i>Snake Bite</i> (2012)</li>
<li><i>Knife Edge</i> (2013)</li>
<li><i>Stone Cold</i> (2014)</li>
<li><i>Night Break</i> (2015)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Guy_Adams" title="Guy Adams">Guy Adams</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Breath_of_God" title="Sherlock Holmes: The Breath of God">The Breath of God</a></i> (2011)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Army_of_Dr._Moreau" title="Sherlock Holmes: The Army of Dr. Moreau">The Army of Dr. Moreau</a></i> (2012)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Horowitz" title="Anthony Horowitz">Anthony Horowitz</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_House_of_Silk" title="The House of Silk">The House of Silk</a></i> (2011)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Moriarty_(novel)" title="Moriarty (novel)">Moriarty</a></i> (2014)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Newman" title="Kim Newman">Kim Newman</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Moriarty:_The_Hound_of_the_D%27Urbervilles" title="Moriarty: The Hound of the D&#39;Urbervilles">Moriarty: The Hound of the D'Urbervilles</a></i> (2011)</li>
<li><i>The Man From The Diogenes Club</i> (2017)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Kareem_Abdul-Jabbar" title="Kareem Abdul-Jabbar">Kareem Abdul-Jabbar</a><br />and Anna Waterhouse</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mycroft_Holmes_(novel)" title="Mycroft Holmes (novel)">Mycroft Holmes</a></i> (2015)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mycroft_and_Sherlock" title="Mycroft and Sherlock">Mycroft and Sherlock</a></i> (2018)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Mycroft_and_Sherlock:_The_Empty_Birdcage" title="Mycroft and Sherlock: The Empty Birdcage">Mycroft and Sherlock: The Empty Birdcage</a></i> (2019)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/James_Lovegrove" title="James Lovegrove">James Lovegrove</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>The Stuff of Nightmares</i> (2013)</li>
<li><i>Gods of War</i> (2014)</li>
<li><i>The Thinking Engine</i> (2015)</li>
<li><i>The Labyrinth of Death</i> (2017)</li>
<li><i>The Devil's Dust</i> (2018)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Shadwell_Shadows" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Shadwell Shadows">Sherlock Holmes and the Shadwell Shadows</a></i> (2016)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Miskatonic_Monstrosities" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Miskatonic Monstrosities">Sherlock Holmes and the Miskatonic Monstrosities</a></i> (2017)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Sussex_Sea-Devils" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Sussex Sea-Devils">Sherlock Holmes and the Sussex Sea-Devils</a></i> (2018)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Christmas_Demon" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Christmas Demon">Sherlock Holmes and the Christmas Demon</a></i> (2019)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">by <a href="/wiki/Cavan_Scott" title="Cavan Scott">Cavan Scott</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i>Sherlock Holmes: The Patchwork Devil</i> (2016)</li>
<li><i>Sherlock Holmes: Cry of the Innocents</i> (2017)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">The Lady Sherlock Series<br />by <a href="/wiki/Sherry_Thomas" title="Sherry Thomas">Sherry Thomas</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet_Women" title="A Study in Scarlet Women">A Study in Scarlet Women</a></i> (2016)</li>
<li><i>A Conspiracy in Belgravia</i> (2017)</li>
<li><i>The Hollow of Fear</i> (2018)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other works</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pursuit_of_the_House-Boat" title="The Pursuit of the House-Boat">The Pursuit of the House-Boat</a></i> (1897)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Double_Barrelled_Detective_Story" title="A Double Barrelled Detective Story">A Double Barrelled Detective Story</a></i> (1902)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_of_Baker_Street" title="Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street">Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street</a></i> (1962)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ultimate_Crime" title="The Ultimate Crime">The Ultimate Crime</a></i> (1976)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Sherlock_Holmes_Story" title="The Last Sherlock Holmes Story">The Last Sherlock Holmes Story</a></i> (1978)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Doctor%27s_Case" title="The Doctor&#39;s Case">The Doctor's Case</a>" (1987)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Whitechapel_Horrors" title="The Whitechapel Horrors">The Whitechapel Horrors</a></i> (1992)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/All-Consuming_Fire" title="All-Consuming Fire">All-Consuming Fire</a></i> (1994)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Strange_Case_of_Mrs._Hudson%27s_Cat" title="The Strange Case of Mrs. Hudson&#39;s Cat">The Strange Case of Mrs. Hudson's Cat</a></i> (1997)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mandala_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Mandala of Sherlock Holmes">The Mandala of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1999)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Shadows_Over_Baker_Street" title="Shadows Over Baker Street">Shadows Over Baker Street</a></i> (2003)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Emerald" title="A Study in Emerald">A Study in Emerald</a>" (2003)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Way_of_All_Flesh" title="Sherlock Holmes: The Way of All Flesh">Sherlock Holmes: The Way of All Flesh</a></i> (2004)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Solution_(novel)" title="The Final Solution (novel)">The Final Solution</a></i> (2004)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Slight_Trick_of_the_Mind" title="A Slight Trick of the Mind">A Slight Trick of the Mind</a></i> (2005)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Italian_Secretary" title="The Italian Secretary">The Italian Secretary</a></i> (2005)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Erasing_Sherlock" title="Erasing Sherlock">Erasing Sherlock</a></i> (2006)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Unauthorized_Biography" title="Sherlock Holmes: The Unauthorized Biography">Sherlock Holmes: The Unauthorized Biography</a></i> (2006)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Enola_Holmes_Mysteries" title="The Enola Holmes Mysteries">The Enola Holmes Mysteries</a> (2006-10)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Was_Wrong" title="Sherlock Holmes Was Wrong">Sherlock Holmes Was Wrong</a></i> (2007)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Boy_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Boy Sherlock Holmes">The Boy Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (2007-12)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_of_Reichenbach_Falls" title="The Shadow of Reichenbach Falls">The Shadow of Reichenbach Falls</a></i> (2008)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaslight_series" title="Gaslight series">Gaslight series</a></i> (2008)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Dead_Man%27s_Land" title="Dead Man&#39;s Land">Dead Man's Land</a></i> (2013)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Albino%27s_Treasure" title="The Albino&#39;s Treasure">The Albino's Treasure</a></i> (2015)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Servants_of_Hell" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Servants of Hell">Sherlock Holmes and the Servants of Hell</a></i> (2016)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Counterfeit_Detective" title="The Counterfeit Detective">The Counterfeit Detective</a></i> (2017)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parody</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Everybody%27s_Favorite_Duck" title="Everybody&#39;s Favorite Duck">Everybody's Favorite Duck</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Peerless_Peer" title="The Adventure of the Peerless Peer">The Adventure of the Peerless Peer</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fossil_Island" title="The Fossil Island">The Fossil Island</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Newton:_Victorian_Mysteries" title="Lizzie Newton: Victorian Mysteries">Lizzie Newton: Victorian Mysteries</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Bones" title="Sherlock Bones">Sherlock Bones</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Pons" title="Solar Pons">Solar Pons</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Stoker_and_Holmes" title="Stoker and Holmes">Stoker and Holmes</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Thuppariyum_Sambu" title="Thuppariyum Sambu">Thuppariyum Sambu</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/221B_Baker_Street_(board_game)" title="221B Baker Street (board game)">221B Baker Street</a></i> (board game)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_Consulting_Detective_(gamebook)" title="Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective (gamebook)">Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_game_adaptations_of_Sherlock_Holmes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sherlock_Holmes_video_games" title="Template:Sherlock Holmes video games"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sherlock_Holmes_video_games" title="Template talk:Sherlock Holmes video games"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Sherlock_Holmes_video_games&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Video_game_adaptations_of_Sherlock_Holmes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Video game adaptations of <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sherlock Holmes</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Individual games</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_(video_game)" title="Sherlock (video game)">Sherlock</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Robin_of_Sherlock" title="Robin of Sherlock">Robin of Sherlock</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_Hakushaku_Reij%C5%8D_Y%C5%ABkai_Jiken" title="Sherlock Holmes: Hakushaku Reijō Yūkai Jiken">Sherlock Holmes: Hakushaku Reijō Yūkai Jiken</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Sherlock:_The_Legacy_of_Doyle" title="Young Sherlock: The Legacy of Doyle">Young Sherlock: The Legacy of Doyle</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/221B_Baker_Street_(video_game)" title="221B Baker Street (video game)">221B Baker Street</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock:_The_Riddle_of_the_Crown_Jewels" title="Sherlock: The Riddle of the Crown Jewels">Sherlock: The Riddle of the Crown Jewels</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Meitantei_Holmes:_M-Kara_no_Chousenjou" title="Meitantei Holmes: M-Kara no Chousenjou">Meitantei Holmes: M-Kara no Chousenjou</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Consulting Detective</i> series</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_Consulting_Detective" title="Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective">Consulting Detective</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_Consulting_Detective_Vol._II" title="Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective Vol. II">Consulting Detective Vol. II</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_Consulting_Detective_Vol._III" title="Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective Vol. III">Consulting Detective Vol. III</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes</i> <br /> series</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Files_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes">The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Files_of_Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Case_of_the_Rose_Tattoo" title="The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Rose Tattoo">The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Rose Tattoo</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(video_game_series)" title="Sherlock Holmes (video game series)"><i>Sherlock Holmes</i> series</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Mystery_of_the_Mummy" title="Sherlock Holmes: The Mystery of the Mummy">The Mystery of the Mummy</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Case_of_the_Silver_Earring" title="Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Silver Earring">The Case of the Silver Earring</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Awakened" title="Sherlock Holmes: The Awakened">The Awakened</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Versus_Ars%C3%A8ne_Lupin" title="Sherlock Holmes Versus Arsène Lupin">Sherlock Holmes Versus Arsène Lupin</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_Versus_Jack_the_Ripper" title="Sherlock Holmes Versus Jack the Ripper">Sherlock Holmes Versus Jack the Ripper</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_and_the_Mystery_of_Osborne_House" title="Sherlock Holmes and the Mystery of Osborne House">The Mystery of Osborne House</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Testament_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Testament of Sherlock Holmes">The Testament of Sherlock Holmes</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles#Video_games" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_Crimes_%26_Punishments" title="Sherlock Holmes: Crimes &amp; Punishments">Crimes &amp; Punishments</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_The_Devil%27s_Daughter" title="Sherlock Holmes: The Devil&#39;s Daughter">The Devil's Daughter</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Dai Gyakuten Saiban</i> series</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dai_Gyakuten_Saiban:_Naruhod%C5%8D_Ry%C5%ABnosuke_no_B%C5%8Dken" title="Dai Gyakuten Saiban: Naruhodō Ryūnosuke no Bōken">Naruhodō Ryūnosuke no Bōken</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Dai_Gyakuten_Saiban_2:_Naruhod%C5%8D_Ry%C5%ABnosuke_no_Kakugo" title="Dai Gyakuten Saiban 2: Naruhodō Ryūnosuke no Kakugo">2: Naruhodō Ryūnosuke no Kakugo</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arthur_Conan_Doyle" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Template:Arthur Conan Doyle"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Template talk:Arthur Conan Doyle"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Arthur_Conan_Doyle&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arthur_Conan_Doyle" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle" title="Arthur Conan Doyle">Arthur Conan Doyle</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Bibliography"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Conan_Doyle_bibliography" title="Arthur Conan Doyle bibliography">Bibliography</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sherlock Holmes</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_time_and_places_in_cases_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="List of time and places in cases of Sherlock Holmes">cases</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canon_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="Canon of Sherlock Holmes">canon</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Study_in_Scarlet" title="A Study in Scarlet">A Study in Scarlet</a></i> (1887)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_of_the_Four" title="The Sign of the Four">The Sign of the Four</a></i> (1890)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes">The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1892)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Memoirs_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes">The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1894)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hound_of_the_Baskervilles" title="The Hound of the Baskervilles">The Hound of the Baskervilles</a></i> (1902)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Return of Sherlock Holmes">The Return of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1904)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Valley_of_Fear" title="The Valley of Fear">The Valley of Fear</a></i> (1914)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/His_Last_Bow" title="His Last Bow">His Last Bow</a></i> (1917)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Case-Book_of_Sherlock_Holmes" title="The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes">The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes</a></i> (1927)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Professor_Challenger" title="Professor Challenger">Professor Challenger</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_World_(Conan_Doyle_novel)" title="The Lost World (Conan Doyle novel)">The Lost World</a></i> (1912)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Poison_Belt" title="The Poison Belt">The Poison Belt</a></i> (1913)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Land_of_Mist" title="The Land of Mist">The Land of Mist</a></i> (1926)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/When_the_World_Screamed" title="When the World Screamed">When the World Screamed</a>" (1928)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Disintegration_Machine" title="The Disintegration Machine">The Disintegration Machine</a>" (1929)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other novels</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Narrative_of_John_Smith" title="The Narrative of John Smith">The Narrative of John Smith</a></i> (1883) [2011]</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mystery_of_Cloomber" title="The Mystery of Cloomber">The Mystery of Cloomber</a></i> (1889)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Micah_Clarke" title="Micah Clarke">Micah Clarke</a></i> (1889)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Firm_of_Girdlestone" title="The Firm of Girdlestone">The Firm of Girdlestone</a></i> (1890)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Company" title="The White Company">The White Company</a></i> (1891)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Doings_of_Raffles_Haw" title="The Doings of Raffles Haw">The Doings of Raffles Haw</a></i> (1892)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Beyond_the_City" title="Beyond the City">Beyond the City</a></i> (1892)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Refugees_(novel)" title="The Refugees (novel)">The Refugees</a></i> (1893)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Parasite" title="The Parasite">The Parasite</a></i> (1894)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Stark_Munro_Letters" title="The Stark Munro Letters">The Stark Munro Letters</a></i> (1895)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_Gerard" title="Brigadier Gerard">The Exploits of Brigadier Gerard</a></i> (1896)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Stone" title="Rodney Stone">Rodney Stone</a></i> (1896)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_the_Korosko" title="The Tragedy of the Korosko">The Tragedy of the Korosko</a></i> (1898)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Duet,_with_an_Occasional_Chorus" title="A Duet, with an Occasional Chorus">A Duet, with an Occasional Chorus</a></i> (1899)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Brigadier_Gerard" title="Brigadier Gerard">Adventures of Gerard</a></i> (1903)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Nigel" title="Sir Nigel">Sir Nigel</a></i> (1906)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Maracot_Deep" title="The Maracot Deep">The Maracot Deep</a></i> (1929)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/J._Habakuk_Jephson%27s_Statement" title="J. Habakuk Jephson&#39;s Statement">J. Habakuk Jephson's Statement</a>" (1884)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/Lot_No._249" title="Lot No. 249">Lot No. 249</a>" (1892)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Case_of_Lady_Sannox" title="The Case of Lady Sannox">The Case of Lady Sannox</a>" (1893)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Club-Footed_Grocer" title="The Club-Footed Grocer">The Club-Footed Grocer</a>" (1898)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Brown_Hand" title="The Brown Hand">The Brown Hand</a>" (1899)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Terror_of_Blue_John_Gap" title="The Terror of Blue John Gap">The Terror of Blue John Gap</a>" (1910)</li>
<li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Horror_of_the_Heights" title="The Horror of the Heights">The Horror of the Heights</a>" (1913)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Danger!_and_Other_Stories" title="Danger! and Other Stories">Danger! and Other Stories</a></i> (1918)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Inner_Room" title="The Inner Room">The Inner Room</a>" (1898)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vital_Message" title="The Vital Message">The Vital Message</a></i> (1919)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Depictions</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/FairyTale:_A_True_Story" title="FairyTale: A True Story">FairyTale: A True Story</a></i> (1997 film)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Photographing_Fairies" title="Photographing Fairies">Photographing Fairies</a></i> (1997 film)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Arthur_%26_George_(miniseries)" title="Arthur &amp; George (miniseries)">Arthur &amp; George</a></i> (2015 miniseries)</li>
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Houdini_%26_Doyle" title="Houdini &amp; Doyle">Houdini &amp; Doyle</a></i> (2016 miniseries)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Conan_Doyle" title="Adrian Conan Doyle">Adrian Conan Doyle</a> (son)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Conan_Doyle" title="Jean Conan Doyle">Jean Conan Doyle</a> (daughter)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Altamont_Doyle" title="Charles Altamont Doyle">Charles Altamont Doyle</a> (father)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/John_Doyle_(artist)" title="John Doyle (artist)">John Doyle</a> (grandfather)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Great_Wyrley#The_&#39;Great_Wyrley_Outrages&#39;" title="Great Wyrley">The Great Wyrley Outrages</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Undershaw" title="Undershaw">Undershaw (home)</a></li></ul>
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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8" title="শার্লক হোমস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Chinese (Min Nan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шэрлак Холмс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old"><a href="https://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B7" title="Шэрлак Голмз – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Холмс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle" title="featured article"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BA_%CE%A7%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BC%CF%82" title="Σέρλοκ Χολμς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Cerloko_Holmso" title="Ŝerloko Holmso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle" title="featured article"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B2" title="شرلوک هولمز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li 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title="Շերլոկ Հոլմս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="शेरलॉक होम्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle" title="featured article"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A1" title="שרלוק הולמס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ಷರ್ಲಾಕ್‌ ಹೋಮ್ಸ್‌ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="შერლოკ ჰოლმზი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Холмс – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Холмс – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0erloks_Holmss" title="Šerloks Holmss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0erlokas_Holmsas" title="Šerlokas Holmsas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle" title="featured article"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Холмс – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഷെർലക് ഹോംസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="शेरलॉक होम्स – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B2" title="شارلوك هولمز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Холмс – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%81%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ရှားလော့ခ်ဟုမ်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Nāhuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA" title="シャーロック・ホームズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle" title="good article"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਸ਼ਰਲੌਕ ਹੋਮਜ਼ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Холмс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ෂර්ලොක් හෝම්ස් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%86%DA%A9_%DA%BE%DB%86%DA%B5%D9%85%D8%B2" title="شێرلۆک ھۆڵمز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0erlok_Holms" title="Šerlok Holms – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle" title="featured article"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="செர்லக் ஓம்சு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Холмс – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча/tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="షెర్లాక్ హోమ్స్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle" title="good article"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="เชอร์ล็อก โฮมส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Шерлок Холмс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9_%DB%81%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B2" title="شرلاک ہومز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E6%96%AF" title="福爾摩斯 – Classical Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%87%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9%E6%96%AF" title="歇洛克·福尔摩斯 – Wu Chinese" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E7%88%BE%E6%91%A9%E6%96%AF" title="福爾摩斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0erluoks_Huolmsos" title="Šerluoks Huolmsos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%87%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%94%E6%91%A9%E6%96%AF" title="歇洛克·福尔摩斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul>
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